Disease relevance of Orientia tsutsugamushi

• The Eta-1 gene maps to a locus on murine chromosome 5 termed Ric that confers resistance to infection by Rickettsia tsutsugamushi (RT), an obligate intracellular bacterium that is the etiological agent for human scrub typhus [1].
• Lymphokine-activated killer cells caused significant lysis of target cells infected with typhus group rickettsiae (TGR) but not cells infected with Rickettsia tsutsugamushi [2].
• The role of tumor necrosis factor in host defense against scrub typhus rickettsiae. II. Differential induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by Rickettsia tsutsugamushi and Rickettsia conorii [3].
• Detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi (Rickettsiales: rickettsiaceae) in unengorged chiggers (Acari: Trombiculidae) from Oita Prefecture, Japan, by nested polymerase chain reaction [4].

High impact information on Orientia tsutsugamushi

• In a recent case of scrub typhus in Australia, Orientia tsutsugamushi isolated from the patient's blood was tested by sequence analysis of the 16S rDNA gene [5].
• Expression of chemokine genes in human dermal microvascular endothelial cell lines infected with Orientia tsutsugamushi [6].
• Azithromycin was given to mice and humans infected with strains of Orientia tsutsugamushi from northern Thailand, where drug-resistant scrub typhus occurs [7].
• Azithromycin activities against Orientia tsutsugamushi strains isolated in cases of scrub typhus in Northern Thailand [7].
• We analyzed homotypic and heterotypic antibody responses to a type-specific antigen (Tsa), a 56-kDa protein of Orientia tsutsugamushi, by using sera from mice immunized with strains Gilliam, Karp, Kato, and Boryong [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Orientia tsutsugamushi

• In vitro effectiveness of azithromycin against doxycycline-resistant and -susceptible strains of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, etiologic agent of scrub typhus [9].
• Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of lysates of purified Rickettsia tsutsugamushi revealed as many as 30 polypeptide bands, including major bands corresponding to molecular sizes of 70, 60, 54 to 56, and 46 to 47 kilodaltons [10].
• Deficiency of peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide components in Rickettsia tsutsugamushi [11].
• Induction of homologous immune response to Rickettsia tsutsugamushi Boryong with a partial 56-kilodalton recombinant antigen fused with the maltose-binding protein MBP-Bor56 [12].
• Failure of cyclophosphamide to significantly enhance isolation of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi from wild Philippine rats [13].

Biological context of Orientia tsutsugamushi

• Natural resistance of mice to lethal ifections of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, strain Gilliam, is controlled by a single, autosomal, dominant gene, which we have designated Ric, with r and s representing the resistant nd susceptible alleles, respectively [14].
• Three strains of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi (Karp, Gilliam, and TA716, representing three virulence types in mice) were examined for their sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of recombinant gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and purified IFN-alpha/beta in two cultured mouse fibroblast cell lines [15].
• Genotypic identification of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of DNA amplified by the polymerase chain reaction [16].

Anatomical context of Orientia tsutsugamushi

• Recombinant rodent gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) inhibited the infection of cultured BALB/3T3 mouse fibroblasts by Rickettsia tsutsugamushi Gilliam, apparently mainly by clearance of intracellular rickettsiae [17].
• Orientia tsutsugamushi inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha production by inducing interleukin 10 secretion in murine macrophages [18].
• Hybridoma antibodies (Hab) were prepared against the Karp, Gilliam and Kato strains of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi and were examined for homologous and heterologous reactivity using an indirect immunofluorescence assay [19].
• Detection of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi specific DNA from the lymphocyte of patients by polymerase chain reaction [20].

Gene context of Orientia tsutsugamushi

• Chemokine and cytokine production in susceptible C3H/HeN mice and resistant BALB/c mice during Orientia tsutsugamushi infection [21].
• Role of Syndecan-4 in the cellular invasion of Orientia tsutsugamushi [22].
• By differential display PCR, we observed that obligate intracellular bacteria, Orientia tsutsugamushi, inhibit gp96 expression of a macrophage cell line, J774A [23].
• The genetic and antigenic relatedness of eight antigens in three strains of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi has been studied by using recombinant organisms expressing epitopes of the 150-, 110-, 72-, 58-, 56-, 49-, 47-, and 20-kilodalton (kDa) polypeptide antigens of the Karp strain [24].
• Several polypeptide antigens of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi are recognized by human or primate convalescent sera and may be important protective immunogens [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Orientia tsutsugamushi

• Antigens of plaque-purified Rickettsia tsutsugamushi strains Gilliam, Karp, and Kato were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and were analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [26].
• Analysis of polypeptide composition and antigenic components of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting [10].
• Following the documentation of chloramphenicol-resistant and doxycycline-resistant strains of Orientia tsutsugamushi (Hyashi) in northern Thailand, we conducted ecological and epidemiological studies near the houses of patients hospitalized with antibiotic-resistant infections [27].

References