Disease relevance of gadolinium

• Comparison of the distribution of flow determined by radiolabeled gadolinium-153 at onset of ischemia with that indicated by radiolabeled tin-113 microspheres given at the end of various periods of ischemia revealed no change in the position or steepness of the flow interface at any time during the first 2 hours of ischemia [1].
• CONCLUSIONS: Glioblastoma multiforme cells may extend over the Gd area and more widely with increasing tumour size on Gd-MRI [2].

High impact information on gadolinium

• Regional myocardial blood volume was determined using chromium-51-labeled RBCs, and regional blood flow was measured using a reference flow technique and a left atrial injection of 15-microns-radiolabeled (gadolinium-153, 10-20 muCi) microspheres [3].
• Attenuation-corrected thallium-201 single-photon emission tomography using a gadolinium-153 moving line source: clinical value and the impact of attenuation correction on the extent and severity of perfusion abnormalities [4].
• SPET-TM was performed on a DST (SMV) equipped with two collimated line sources of gadolinium-153 (4 GBq total) [5].
• An L-shaped dual-detector single-photon emission tomographic system equipped with a pair gadolinium-153 scanning line sources was used for sequential emission/transmission imaging in 36 patients (14 men and 22 women) with less than 5% risk for coronary artery disease [6].
• The morphology, time-course and volume of the in vivo uptake of the T1 contrast agent gadolinium (Gd) in the perilymphatic vestibulo-cochlea labyrinth, including the utricle, saccule, semicircular canals and scalae of the guinea pig inner ear were analyzed as Fourier transform signal intensity enhancement levels by 3D MRI at 4.7 T [7].

Biological context of gadolinium

• The findings demonstrate that Gd-enhanced 3D MRI of the perilymphatic space may be used to examine the morphology, kinetics and intravenous substance delivery in the in vivo mammalian vestibulo-cochlea labyrinth [7].
• Dual photon absorptiometry using a gadolinium-153 source applied to measure equine bone mineral content [8].
• The present study reports the results of V-79 Chinese hamster cell survival studies in which Auger electron emission was stimulated in gadolinium (Gd) after thermal neutron capture [9].

Anatomical context of gadolinium

• Concentrations of MS-325 in blood, urine, feces, and organs were determined using gadolinium-153-labeled MS-325 and gamma counting or by using non-labeled MS-325 and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry [10].
• The uptake of Gd as a function of time in the perilymphatic space of the vestibular labyrinth was shown by ANOVA and PLSD post hoc tests to be significantly less (p < 0.05) than that of the scala tympani of the cochlea 10, 30, 60 and 90 min after i.v. injection [7].
• Dual energy gadolinium-153 photonabsorptiometry was used to measure distal leg bone loss at a skeletal segment distant from the fracture to exclude callus formation [11].
• The combination of Gd and furosemide is the key for achieving a uniform distribution of the contrast material inside the entire urinary tract [12].
• This study describes the synthesis, characterization and in vitro evaluation of targetable N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-gadolinium (Gd) chelates for enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of macrophages [13].

Associations of gadolinium with other chemical compounds

• Equimolar concentrations of Gd and Yb show a higher in vitro contrast and enhancement than iodine [14].
• The purpose of this work was to evaluate the enhancement of different concentrations of gadolinium (Gd), ytterbium (Yb) and iodine in vitro and in vivo [14].
• All lung blocks were perfused with a glucose-insulin-potassium solution, and distribution within the lung parenchyma and tracheobronchial tissue was measured using the flow reference technique and gadolinium-153-labeled microspheres [15].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of gadolinium

• Twenty-eight patients referred for routine MPI underwent sequential 180 degrees emission/transmission imaging for attenuation correction using an L-shaped dual-headed gamma camera (GE Optima) fitted with two gadolinium-153 scanning line sources [16].
• Hepatobiliary magnetic resonance contrast agents assessed by gadolinium-153 scintigraphy [17].
• The dual photon absorptiometry technique was employed (using gadolinium-153 as radioactive isotope) [18].

References