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MeSH Review:

Analysis of Variance

Wang, M. et al., Upchurch, G.R. et al., Marder, K. et al., Paradis, V. et al., Geva, T. et al., et al.

Anholt, Dilda, Chang, Fanara, Kulkarni, Ganguly, Rollmann, Kamdar, Mackay, New, Hazlett, Buchsbaum, Goodman, Reynolds, Mitropoulou, Sprung, Shaw, Koenigsberg, Platholi, Silverman, Siever, Rossini, Serretti, Franchini, Mandelli, Smeraldi, De Ronchi, Zanardi, Morales, Paradis, Bièche, Dargère, Laurendeau, Nectoux, Degott, Belghiti, Vidaud, Bedossa,

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Disease relevance of Analysis of Variance

In FNH, Ang-1 was significantly up-regulated, Ang-2 was down-regulated, and the Ang-1/Ang-2 ratio was highly and specifically increased in FNH compared with normal liver or other groups of lesions (FNH, 15.2-fold increase; HCC, 2.78; adenoma, 2.28; cirrhosis, 1.92; P < 0.01 for FNH vs. all groups, analysis of variance) [1].
RESULTS: Cirrhotics with ascites with and without functional renal failure showed higher endothelin levels (15.6 +/- 6.4 and 15.7 +/- 4.6 pg/mL, respectively; mean +/- SD) than compensated cirrhotics (6.4 +/- 1.8 pg/mL) and healthy subjects (3.4 +/- 1.0 pg/mL) (analysis of variance, F = 21.84; P < 0.001) [2].
The capacity of urea-N synthesis [mumol/(min x 100 g body weight)] was reduced in a stepwise manner (placebo: 8.25 +/- 1.2; GH treatment: 6.52 +/- 0.8; IGF-I treatment: 5.5 +/- 0.6; and GH/IGF-I: 4.22 +/- 1.6 [P < .001 by ANOVA]), each step being lower than the former [3].
Recovery from hypoglycemia was attenuated (analysis of variance P less than 0.001) in the elderly (plasma glucose recovery rate 29.4 +/- 2.2 vs. 42.7 +/- 5.0 microM/min, P less than 0.02) [4].
Improved statistical inference from DNA microarray data using analysis of variance and a Bayesian statistical framework. Analysis of global gene expression in Escherichia coli K12 [5].

Psychiatry related information on Analysis of Variance

Using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), the statistical difference among courses of psychopathology expressed as total BPRS scores reaches borderline significance in favor of verapamil [6].
Two measures of disease severity--the Modified Mini-Mental State examination and the Blessed Dementia Rating Scale (Part I)--were subjected to two-way analysis of variance with scan type (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging) and lesion number as between-group factors and age and disease duration as covariates [7].
Subjects were periodically evaluated with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Negative Symptoms Rating Scale (a modified version of the SANS), and the Randt Memory Test. The time effect on treatment was calculated by repeated measures of analysis of variance [8].
A repeated-measures analysis of variance on Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores revealed a significantly different decrease of depressive symptoms between the 2 treatment groups, favoring fluvoxamine (P = 0.007) [9].
Because sleep deprivation time varied across sets of TSD, TSC and HCC rats and not all eight sets were analyzed simultaneously, a repeated-measures ANOVA was performed within sets with HCC, TSC and TSD considered as successive levels of sleep deprivation treatment [10].

High impact information on Analysis of Variance

We used analysis of variance to partition variation in transcript abundance between males and females and between smi genotypes and to determine the genotype-by-sex interaction [11].
No increased mortality trend attributable to tolbutamide is shown by an analysis of variance on logit-transformed data from the University Group Diabetes Program (UGDP) study [12].
Under both regimens of treatment there was a prompt fall in serum urate levels, and analysis of variance indicated no significant difference between the two modes of administration of allopurinol [13].
Results of an analysis of variance were compatible with the hypothesis that p53 affects tumor angiogenesis by regulating the level of TSP expression [14].
Analysis of variance indicates that spontaneous mutations, rather than changes in cellular function, conferred resistance to doxorubicin and PSC 833 [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Analysis of Variance

Mucosal glucosamine synthetase activity, reflecting glycoprotein synthesis, was significantly lower in patients with Crohn's colitis (analysis of variance p < 0.05) after diversion but was maintained in the control group [16].
There were, however, significant increases in mean areas under the response curve of histamine wheal and flare in the patients with urticaria (wheal, p less than 0.001; flare, p less than 0.001; analysis of variance) [17].
RESULTS: Higher bradykinin dose (analysis of variance: F = 38.33, p < 0.001), African American race (analysis of variance: F = 17.90, p < 0.001), and hypertension (analysis of variance: F = 4.37, p = 0.05) were all associated with an increased wheal response to bradykinin [18].
Data were analyzed by principal component factor analyses and analysis of variance (ANOVA).At baseline, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index was inversely correlated with cortisol (r = -0.46; P = 0.005) in normal weight patients, with body mass index in overweight patients (r = -0.50; P < 0.001) [19].
Hypercholesterolemia caused a significant increase in aldosterone (by analysis of variance: F = 8.40; P < 0.01) associated with a significant decrease in corticosterone (F = 4.64; P < 0.05) in the SHR, but not in the normotensive rats [20].

Biological context of Analysis of Variance

In contrast, there was no difference in the FABF response to AII (analysis of variance P = 0.81), suggesting that the upregulation observed to NE was homologous [21].
Dose-related increases in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, plasma glucose, free fatty acids and insulin were also observed (p less than 0.001 by analysis of variance) [22].
At each stage during supine bicycle exercise, heart rate was slower, blood pressure lower, left ventricular dimensions were larger and percent dimensional shortening was reduced on propranolol by an analysis of variance [23].
Results indicate that BAECs incubated with heparin were less able to inhibit platelet aggregation than control cells (P<.005 by ANOVA) and that this effect correlated with a decrease in NO production (36% decrease for heparin compared with control, P<.05) [24].
Glucose disposal of CANWL and CAWL during the study period was significantly (P less than 0.05, analysis of variance) less than controls (3.91 +/- 0.6 in CANWL, 3.66 +/- 1.0 in CAWL, and 5.87 +/- 0.6 mg/kg/min in controls), suggesting resistance to insulin with respect to carbohydrate metabolism [25].

Anatomical context of Analysis of Variance

A separate group (impulsive aggressive, controls) x anteroposterior location (Brodmann areas 25, 24, 31, 29) x hemisphere (right, left) analysis of variance was used to examine regional glucose metabolism in the cingulate gyrus [26].
Here we show that Hcy treatment of bovine aortic endothelial cells leads to a dose-dependent decrease in NOx (p = 0.001 by one-way analysis of variance) independent of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase activity or protein levels and nos3 transcription, suggesting that Hcy affects the bioavailability of NO, not its production [27].
Adipose tissue insulin receptor tyrosine-kinase activity in response to insulin was significantly lower at all insulin concentrations tested (p = 0.017, by two-way analysis of variance test) in insulin-resistant than in insulin-sensitive subjects (Kitt values lower or higher than 6, respectively) [28].
Coadministration of N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), an NO synthase inhibitor (20 micromol), into the brachial artery completely abolished the vasodilatory effects of sapropterin (p = 0.002 by ANOVA) [29].
The cross-sectional area (indexed to body surface area) and diameters (indexed to the square root of body surface area) of the left ventricular outflow tract; ascending and descending aorta; ventricular septal defect; and mitral, aortic and pulmonary valves were compared with outcome by using analysis of variance [30].

Associations of Analysis of Variance with chemical compounds

Rapid application of glutamate combined with nonstationary variance analysis provided an estimate of the single-channel conductance and open probability, allowing an approximation of the number of available channels at a single synaptic site [31].
During guanadrel, there was increased sensitivity in the FABF response to NE (analysis of variance P = 0.03) [21].
Analysis of variance supported the hypothesis of spontaneous mutations rather than induction, conferring etoposide resistance in groups A and B. Five of the stably resistant clones were cross-resistant to doxorubicin [32].
Sodium channel numbers were 15 +/- 5, 29 +/- 9, and 54 +/- 4 fmol/10(5) cells after 3 d treatment with 0, 50 mg/kg per d, and 150 mg/kg per d mexiletine (P less than 0.001, analysis of variance) [33].
Aniracetam increased the magnitude of stimulus-evoked EPSCs 1.9-fold; variance analysis suggests a postsynaptic mechanism of action [34].

Gene context of Analysis of Variance

When compared with heterozygosity for either the 677(C-->T) or 1298(A-->C) mutations, the combined heterozygosity for the 1298(A-->C) and 677(C-->T) mutations was associated with reduced MTHFR specific activity (ANOVA P < .0001), higher Hcy, and decreased plasma folate levels (ANOVA P <.03) [35].
The Pas2 QTL was detected by both ANOVA and regression analysis but not by MapMaker EXP/QTL software [36].
Analysis of variance showed group differences (F[3,19] = 3.84, P = 0.04), and post hoc tests revealed that IGFBP-3 levels were higher for group III versus group I (P = 0.04) [37].
For the spine BMD, at the two markers (ApaI and FokI) inside the VDR gene we found evidence for linkage (p < 0.05) and for both linkage and association by the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT; p < 0.05); association was detected (p < 0.07) with regular statistical testing by analyses of variance (ANOVA) [38].
Moreover, a linear regression model with variance analysis showed a significant positive correlation between basal VEGF and PDGF values but not at the following time points [39].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Analysis of Variance

MCh during perfusion of nitroglycerin (2 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 IV) continued to depress LV pressure (9%, P = .002), LV (+)dP/dt (16%, P < .01), LV (-)dP/dt (20%, P < .01), and segment shortening (18%, P = .03) even though coronary blood flow drop was markedly attenuated (7% versus 54%; ANOVA, P < .01) [40].
Reactivity (in vitro) of coronary arterioles (70 to 150 microns) from the myocardial area at risk was examined with video microscopy. beta-Adrenergic microvascular relaxations to isoproterenol, forskolin, and 8-bromo-cAMP were significantly reduced after IR alone (P < 0.05 versus control, 2-way ANOVA) [41].
During a constant intravenous infusion of saralasin (group 2), enalaprilat decreased BP by -7 +/- 3 mm Hg and increased RBF by 84 +/- 7 ml/min (delta BP and delta RBF, p less than 0.01 vs. group 1 by analysis of variance) [42].
Mean 2F and 2P amplitudes were significantly reduced in IDDM patients compared with the control group (P = 0.0001 by analysis of variance) [43].
Compared with 80 KK subjects, Q allele carriers (n = 41, 39 KQ and 2 QQ) showed higher glucose and insulin levels during OGTT (P < 0.001 by two-way analysis of variance) and insulin resistance by euglycemic clamp (M value = 5.25 +/- 1.38 [n = 24] vs. 6.30 +/- 1.39 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1) [n = 49], P = 0.005) [44].

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