Disease relevance of Blood Volume

• Measurements of plasma-renin, exchangeable sodium, and blood-volume demonstrated that in both patients hypertension was due to excess renin [1].
• Correction of hypotension without increasing effective blood volume does not restore renal insensitivity to atrial natriuretic peptide [2].
• Plasma norepinephrine level increased (P = 0.017) and splanchnic blood volume decreased (P = 0.028) during 5 minutes after hyperventilation, consistent with homeostatic responses [3].
• The results suggest that nonosmotic stimulation of vasopressin secondary to a decrease in effective blood volume is an important factor in the abnormal water excretion of cirrhosis [4].
• The role of baroreceptors in the response was evaluated in the current research by studying the response of plasma ANP to blood volume expansion induced by intravenous injection of hypertonic saline solution (0.3 M NaCl, 2 ml/100 g of body weight, over 1 min) in conscious, freely moving male rats [5].

Psychiatry related information on Blood Volume

• Plasma angiotensin II levels and blood volume also approached the values measured prior to water deprivation [6].
• Mental stress was induced with mental arithmetic and the Stroop Color-Word Test. Heart rate (HR), finger blood volume (FBV), and skin conductance level (SCL) were recorded continuously during task performance [7].
• Effect of smoking cessation on pulmonary carbon monoxide diffusing capacity and capillary blood volume [8].
• Patients with panic disorder who were vulnerable to lactate-induced anxiety attacks had abnormal hemispheric asymmetries of parahippocampal blood flow, blood volume, and oxygen metabolism; abnormally high whole brain metabolism; and abnormal susceptibility to episodic hyperventilation [9].

High impact information on Blood Volume

• Although atrial stretch releases ANP from cardiac myocytes, the experiments indicate that the response to acute blood volume expansion is markedly reduced after elimination of neural control [10].
• The atrionatriuretic peptide (ANP) is released from atrial cells in response to increased extracellular fluid volume and reduces sodium absorption by the kidney, thus reducing the blood volume [11].
• There was no significant difference between the two groups as regards age, preoperative BP level, plasma renin activity, blood volume, or response to [Sar1, Thr8] A II [12].
• Control of blood volume and serum uric acid, appropriate spacing of radiographic studies, and possibly urinary alkalinization and hypouricosuric drugs in high-risk patients are recommended to decrease the incidence and morbidity of contrast-mediated nephropathy [13].
• The current concept of the control system is that at normal blood volume and pressure, afferent impulses from the receptors tonically inhibit central mechanisms controlling secretion of AVP and renin [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of Blood Volume

• In conclusion, the decrease in effective arterial blood volume and the activation of vasoconstrictor systems play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of hepatorenal syndrome [15].
• Detection of early antiangiogenic effects in human colon adenocarcinoma xenografts: in vivo changes of tumor blood volume in response to experimental VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor [16].
• In eleven diabetics with nonketotic hyperglycemia (mean glucose 318 plus or minus 19 mg. per cent), mean blood volume was 4,660 ml. and PRA 2.1 plus or minus [17].
• The results suggest that aldosterone related renal sodium retention, with consequent blood volume expansion, occurs before ascites formation [18].
• Changes in blood volume were investigated following intravenous injection of a single dose of furosemide in 21 patients with pulmonary edema [19].

Biological context of Blood Volume

• During hepatic vein catheterization, cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, central and arterial blood volume, noncentral blood volume, and arterial pressure were determined before and during a volume expansion induced by infusion of a hyperosmotic galactose solution [20].
• After a change in cardiac output, the magnitude of potential blood volume redistribution was investigated in 10 dogs anesthetized with chloralose [21].
• Angiotensin increased portal venous pressure and decreased mesenteric blood volume, suggesting decreased mesenteric venous compliance [22].
• CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that cerebral vasoconstriction occurs in healthy humans during graded reductions in central blood volume caused by LBNP [23].
• Expansion of the blood volume causes a release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) that is believed to be important in induction of the subsequent natriuresis and diuresis which, in turn, acts to reduce the increase in blood volume [24].

Anatomical context of Blood Volume

• Studies on the blood volume of SPF Swiss mice in the steady state led to reevaluation of the distribution of monocytes in the blood compartment [25].
• Carotid-aortic and renal baroreceptors mediate the atrial natriuretic peptide release induced by blood volume expansion [5].
• Phenylephrine 70 micrograms/kg caused a peak reduction in total blood volume of 1.40 mL/kg (with 0.41 mL/kg from macrocirculation and 0.99 mL/kg from microcirculation) [26].
• Our previous studies have shown that stimulation of the anterior ventral third ventricular region increases atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release, whereas lesions of this structure, the median eminence, or removal of the neural lobe of the pituitary block ANP release induced by blood volume expansion (BVE) [27].
• Measurements of total intramyocardial blood volume were made by using [125I]albumin as a plasma marker and technetium-99m as a red blood cell marker [28].

Associations of Blood Volume with chemical compounds

• In parallel studies, blood volume contraction and increases in Posm were evoked by intraperitoneal polyethylene glycol dissolved in hypertonic saline and results compared with animals receiving intraperitoneal saline alone [29].
• Central blood volume, plasma norepinephrine, and atrial natriuretic factor levels were measured during each diet [30].
• Regional blood volume was measured by means of tracer amounts of carbon-11-labelled carbon monoxide [31].
• In all the infants cerebral blood flow, oxygen delivery, blood volume, and the reactivity of blood volume to changes in arterial carbon dioxide tension fell sharply after indomethacin [32].
• When the acid exposure was performed simultaneously with an arterial bleeding of 0.6 ml/100 g body wt (10% of the total blood volume), the increase in duodenal HCO3- secretion was totally abolished [33].

Gene context of Blood Volume

• The results indicate that oxytocin receptors mediate the action of oxytocin to release ANP, which slows the heart and reduces its force of contraction to produce a rapid reduction in circulating blood volume [34].
• CONCLUSION: Plasma mAM reflects cardiac dysfunction, excessive blood volume, and inflammation better than ANP, BNP, and NE, resulting in a predictor of mortality and cardiovascular morbidity in hemodialysis patients with cardiovascular disease [35].
• Adrenomedullin reflects cardiac dysfunction, excessive blood volume, and inflammation in hemodialysis patients [35].
• Hepatic venous endothelin-3 correlated significantly with central and arterial blood volume (r = 0.56, p < 0.02) [36].
• Doppler-echocardiographic and physiological studies in these mice demonstrate for the first time the tremendous impact of ANP/GC-A dysfunction on chronic blood volume homeostasis [37].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Blood Volume

• In 10 open-chest dogs, myocardial blood flow (MBF) was augmented by increasing myocardial blood volume (MBV) with an intravenous infusion of phenylephrine HCl [38].
• In rats with indwelling catheters, acute blood volume expansion with 5% (wt/vol) dextrose increases the amount of circulating immunoreactive ANP by a factor of 2-3, as determined by radioimmunoassay [39].
• Tissue perfusion was measured using oxygen-15 (15O)-labeled water and blood volume was measured using 15O-labeled carbon monoxide (C15O) [40].
• Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed before and 7 and 28 days after TIPS insertion in 7 cirrhotic patients with PRA <4 ng/mL/h (group A, normal effective blood volume) and 15 with PRA >4 ng/mL/h (group B, reduced effective blood volume) [41].
• The vessel density (immunofluorescence staining with CD31 antibody at different time points) showed an excellent correlation with the calculated relative blood volume (k = 0.84, P < 0.01), thereby validating intermittent sonography as a useful monitoring method [42].

References