Disease relevance of chlorpropham

• Developmental toxicity of chlorpropham in mice [1].
• At the end of CIPC administration, dose-dependent and significant methemoglobinemia, anemia, splenomegaly and pathological lesions indicating hemolytic anemia were observed in all the treated groups [2].
• The results indicated that hematological changes induced by sub-chronic administration of CIPC were reversible but hemosiderin deposition and fibrosis in spleen were not reversible in the recovery period examined, suggesting the significance of splenic lesion in CIPC-toxicity [2].

High impact information on chlorpropham

• Bcl-1 RFLP at the human hepatic lipase gene locus (CIPC) [3].
• Immunofluorescence microscopy of microtubules in intact cell lineages of the moss, Physcomitrella patens. I. Normal and CIPC-treated tip cells [4].
• Transgenic plants accumulating the scFv gene at a high level in the endoplasmic reticulum had enhanced tolerance to chlorpropham in comparison with the non-transformants [5].
• The Schizosaccharomyces pombe cps1-12 (for chlorpropham supersensitive) mutant strain was originally isolated as hypersensitive to the spindle poison isopropyl N-3-chlorophenyl carbamate (chlorpropham) (J. Ishiguro and Y. Uhara, Jpn. J. Genet. 67:97-109, 1992) [6].
• Orthogonal array design (OAD) was applied for the first time to optimize microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) conditions for the analysis of four carbamates (propoxur, propham, methiocarb, chlorpropham) from soil [7].

Biological context of chlorpropham

• In contrast, the hydrolysis of chlorpropham was inhibited by montmorillonite, probably because of its strong adsorption on montmorillonite [8].
• There were no adverse effects of chlorpropham on either litter size or litter weight and sex ratio at birth [9].
• After incubation for 12 hours at the restrictive temperature, 20% of the CIPC 6 amoebae displayed condensed chromosomes, compared to 2% at the permissive temperature, as determined by Giemsa staining [10].
• CIPC treatment resulted in unequal cell divisions at atypical times, and skeletal spicule formation in these embryos was abnormal [11].
• Chlorpropham was administered to pregnant mice by gavage at a level of 0 (control), 750, 1500, and 3000 mg/kg bw on Day 8.3 of gestation, and the females were killed on Day 18 of gestation [1].

Anatomical context of chlorpropham

• Accordingly, unchanged CIPC increased in hepatocytes [12].
• To address these questions, fertilized sea urchin eggs were cultured in the presence of CIPC until the prism stage, and perturbations in the cytoskeleton and development were examined [11].
• Very few studies have examined the effects of CIPC on animal cell microtubules and centrosomes, however, and the effects of this cytoskeletal disrupting agent on fertilization and early development have not been studied in detail [11].
• The results suggested that the erythrocyte is one of the primary targets of CIPC toxicity in rats [13].
• Metabolism of chlorpropham by adult rat hepatocytes co-cultured with a liver epithelial cell line [14].

Associations of chlorpropham with other chemical compounds

• Cadmium-induced alterations of chlorpropham metabolism in isolated rat hepatocytes [12].
• CIPC was metabolized by hepatocytes mainly into 4-OH chlorpropham sulphate (37%) and glucuronide conjugates (18%) [15].
• MEASUREMENTS: After baseline determinations of CIPA, CIPC, and CITD were made, fluid loading was performed using 10 mL times body mass index of hydroxyethyl starch 6% [16].
• Nocodazole is a specific microtubule inhibitor and chloropropham (CIPC), at high concentrations, is an inhibitor of microtubules and microfilaments [17].

Gene context of chlorpropham

• Determination of chlorprophame residues in potatoes by GC-NPD or GC-MS [18].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of chlorpropham

• Residue analysis of isopropyl N-(3-Chlorophenyl)carbamate in fruits and vegetables using high-performance liquid chromatography [19].
• The content of CIPC is analysed by capillary gas chromatography with detection by mass spectrometry detection (GC-MS) or nitrogen specific detection (GC-NPD) [20].

References