Disease relevance of Sex Ratio

• X-linked dominant inheritance with male lethality is probably responsible for sex-limited expression of these disorders, as affected women have frequent spontaneous abortions and the sex ratio of their live offspring is often skewed [1].
• Ceacam9(-/-) mice on both BALB/c and 129/Sv backgrounds developed indistinguishably from heterozygous or wild-type littermates with respect to sex ratio, weight gain, and fertility [2].
• The two groups were not significantly different in terms of the sex ratio, age, frequency of hypertension, or diabetes, basal 24-h urinary free cortisol levels and follow-up [3].
• We have identified 56 patients with GH receptor deficiency (Laron syndrome) from two provinces in southern Ecuador, one group of 26 (Loja province) with a 4:1 female predominance and 30 patients from neighboring El Oro province with a normal sex ratio [4].
• A comparative retrospective study of Oriental and Caucasian patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) failed to reveal significant differences between the two groups regarding historical data, such as sex ratio, mode of onset, age at onset, duration of illness, and clinical course, suggesting that MS is essentially the same disease in both groups [5].

Psychiatry related information on Sex Ratio

• Food preferences, testosterone concentrations and offspring sex ratios of female mice [6].
• RESULTS: Sex ratio, age, mean CD4, prevalence of alcohol abuse and liver disease were similar in both groups [7].

High impact information on Sex Ratio

• On the basis of a skewed sex-ratio (M/F = 4/1) and a risk to relatives much higher than the incidence in the general population, HSCR has long been regarded as a sex-modified multifactorial disorder [8].
• There were no significant differences between the two groups in sex ratio, blood glucose levels, hemoglobin A1 values, degree of metabolic decompensation, or frequency of Type I diabetes in first-degree relatives [9].
• The double knockout also reverted the abnormal sex ratio and early-onset tumours of Trp53-/- mice [10].
• Where the boys aren't: dioxin and the sex ratio [11].
• Sex ratio, IRS, transferrin saturation, and LIC did not vary with liver damage [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Sex Ratio

• Drug administration had no discernible effect on litter size or sex ratio in the offspring; however, phenobarbital administration to dams caused small but significant reductions in birth weights [13].
• Maternal or neonatal effects on the number of live pups, implantation sites, sex ratio, anogenital distance, eyelid opening/vaginal opening and body weight of live pups were not altered by GEN or E2 [14].
• There was no significant difference regarding sex ratio, WHR, family history of hypertension, plasma levels of creatinine and lipid parameters [15].
• These include older age of onset of the nephrotic syndrome, reverse sex ratios, lower serum cholesterol, higher mortality rate and sickle cell complications rather than chronic renal failure as the major cause of death [16].

Biological context of Sex Ratio

• We also report that advanced paternal age was observed among cohorts of sporadic NS cases with and without PTPN11 mutations and that a significant sex-ratio bias favoring transmission to males was present in subjects with sporadic NS caused by PTPN11 mutations, as well as in families inheriting the disorder [17].
• Furthermore, this differential cortisol response to NT was not associated with any evident differences in age, sex ratio, plasma levels of naltrexone or its major metabolite beta-naltrexol, or with differences in measures of nonspecific stress, such as plasma free MHPG, pulse, or blood pressure, between the two groups [18].
• The relationship between some biological parameters (mortality, longevity, fertility, fecundity and sex ratio) and segregation of second chromosomes in heterozygous and homozygous SD males has been analyzed [19].
• The selection driven by the Sex-ratio meiotic drive element has not fixed variation across the X chromosome of D. pseudoobscura because, while significant linkage disequilibrium was observed within the sisterlessA, period, and esterase 5 genes, we did not find evidence for nonrandom association among loci [20].
• Taking this estimate as a measure of the fertilizing population, it is possible to infer from the change in sex ratio over time following insemination, that XY-bearing sperm have an advantage of 1.5 over nullo-X, nullo-Y sperm in leaving the seminal receptacle of the female for fertilization of ova [21].

Anatomical context of Sex Ratio

• Recent research on the role of glucose in reproductive functioning have shown that excess glucose favours the development of male blastocysts, providing a potential mechanism for sex-ratio variation in relation to maternal condition around conception [22].
• In all other respects, such as body weights, sex ratios, mortality rates and gross developmental features (eye opening, incisor eruption and testes descent), alcohol-derived offspring were identical with controls [23].
• In the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis, certain males carry a B chromosome, called PSR (paternal sex ratio), which causes the compaction and subsequent loss of the paternal chromosomes in fertilized eggs [24].
• XY(RIII)qdel males have a smaller interstitial Yq deletion, removing approximately two thirds of Ssty/Sly gene copies, and display an increased incidence of mild sperm head anomalies with impairment of fertility and an intriguing distortion in the sex ratio of offspring in favor of females [25].
• Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were studied in 29 untreated Chinese nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients and 20 normal controls of similar age range and sex ratio with indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies [26].

Associations of Sex Ratio with chemical compounds

• The reversal of the sex ratio and the association observed for procarbazine warrant further investigation [27].
• Sex ratios and serum cholesterol concentrations were the same in both groups [28].
• Compared with patients with a decreased Z score, those with an increased Z score had significantly higher cyclosporine and lower prednisone dosages and a greater BRM increase at six months, whereas age, sex ratio, and plasma creatinine, PTH and 25 OH vitamin D were comparable and stable from months 3 through 24 [29].
• RA sex ratios, HLA-DR, and testosterone [30].
• Similarly, sex ratios, gonadal development, and concentrations of plasma estradiol and 11-ketotestosterone were not affected by the treatment [31].

Gene context of Sex Ratio

• CONCLUSION: In these families with breast and/or ovarian cancer, mutations in BRCA1 but not BRCA2 were associated with a sex ratio skewed against male births [32].
• Shared-epitope HLA-DRB1 alleles and sex ratio in Italian patients with rheumatoid arthritis [33].
• Ceacam10(-/-) mice developed, like the previously established Ceacam9(-/-) mice, indistinguishably from wild-type littermates with respect to sex ratio, weight gain, and fertility [34].
• Diabetic embryopathy in C57BL/6J mice. Altered fetal sex ratio and impact of the splotch allele [35].
• None of the sex ratios deviated significantly from one, and there was no significant difference between BRCA1 and BRCA2 families [36].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Sex Ratio

• The ABO blood-group distributions of 1460 patients who had died from a stroke were compared with those of a control group of 20 705 controls selected at random from the healthy population at risk (i.e., over thirty-five years of age and matched for age and sex ratio) [37].
• Black patients had similar incidence, disease severity, and sex ratio (F:M = 2:1) with pre-, peri-, or postpubertal disease onset; infrequent spontaneous or treatment-induced remissions; and the same final disease severity after early or late thymectomy [38].
• The sex ratio and post-implantation loss were unaffected after treatment with piperine [39].
• OBJECTIVE: To establish the primary sex ratio, the relative abundance of X and Y chromosome-bearing sperm, in unselected sperm and in sperm selected by swim-up or Sephadex filtration (SpermPrep column; Fertility Technologies, Inc., Natick, MA) [40].
• No significant differences were observed between the groups of TLMV positive and negative subjects in relation to sex ratio, seroprevalence of TTV DNA, prevalence of anti-hepatitis A virus antibodies, area of residence, occurrence of daily contact with animals, family income, education level, and level of alanine aminotransferase [41].

References