Disease relevance of Aprocarb

• Thus, the hyperplasia appears to result from a direct mitogenic effect of propoxur or a metabolite on the urothelium, rather than from toxicity and consequent regeneration [1].
• Propoxur produced hyperplasia of the urothelium, as observed by light and scanning electron microscopy, and increased the labeling index for proliferating cell nuclear antigen [1].
• The animals were exposed to propoxur through topical painting on the interscapular region at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight [2].
• The effects of both permethrin and propoxur were studied on the cercal-afferent giant-interneuron synapses in the terminal abdominal ganglion of the cockroach P. americana using the single-fibre oil-gap method [3].
• Exposure of Indian catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) to 5.20 ppm propoxur for 3, 6, 12, 48 and 96 h caused muscle glycogen depletion at 12 h and hepatic glycogenolysis at 3, 12, 48 and 96 h; hyperglycemia developed at all time-intervals [4].

Psychiatry related information on Aprocarb

• (ii) For substances with a short reaction time (residence time as determined by atmospheric degradation alone) (e.g., propoxur), the assumption of continuous rain may lead to an underestimation of the atmospheric residence time and travel distance by up to 3 orders of magnitude [5].
• Maximum effects of propoxur and carbaryl on blood and brain cholinesterase and motor activity were seen within 15 min [6].
• Three days of food or water deprivation (or both) caused significant differences in susceptibility to chlorpyrifos and propoxur [7].
• Effect of sublethal propoxur exposure on male German cockroaches (Orthoptera: Blattellidae) and their feeding behavior [8].

High impact information on Aprocarb

• This genetic sexing system utilizes propoxur (o-isopropoxyphenyl methyl-carbamate) susceptibility as a recessive conditional lethal a T(Y:2R) translocation, and an In(2R)inversion [9].
• The propoxur resistance allele (dominant) was linked to the Y chromosome via a radiation-induced translocation, and genetic recombination was suppressed by inversions [9].
• In this report, two mammalian cell cultures from respiratory tissues [a hamster lung fibroblast, V79, and a primary rat tracheal epithelial cell (RTE)], were used to investigate the genotoxicity of propoxur and NP [10].
• However, it inhibited gap-junctional intercellular communication in V79 cells, which indicates that propoxur could act through some epigenetic mechanisms, such as tumor promotion or cell proliferation, in the multiple process of chemical carcinogenesis [10].
• All animals are killed by this concentration of propoxur, indicating that only AChE1 fulfills the physiological function of neurotransmitter hydrolysis at synapses [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Aprocarb

• Diazinon and propoxur levels were significantly higher in the personal air of women reporting use of an exterminator, can sprays, and/or pest bombs during pregnancy compared with women reporting no pesticide use or use of lower toxicity methods only [12].
• Effects of subacute feeding of carbaryl on mixed function oxidase and on acute toxicity of parathion and propoxur in rats [13].
• We also showed that addition of a sub-lethal concentration of nicotine significantly increased the toxicity of permethrin and propoxur at the lower range of the dose-mortality regression lines, suggesting the manifestation of important physiological disruptions at synaptic level [3].
• Single application of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a glucobrassicin derivative present in cruciferous vegetables, significantly inhibited the propoxur-induced micronuclei formation when it was given at the dose level of 500 mg/kg body weight 48 hr before the single application of propoxur [14].
• With regard to the diffrential sensitivity of cyanobacteria and green algae, the cyanobacteria were less sensitive than green algae to carbosulfan and propoxur [15].

Biological context of Aprocarb

• Comparative in vitro-in vivo percutaneous absorption of the pesticide propoxur [16].
• Sister chromatid exchange in human lymphocytes induced by propoxur following plant activation by Vicia faba [17].
• An analytical method for the assessment of the exposure of workers to the pesticide propoxur through biological monitoring has been developed [18].
• Species-specific cutaneous biotransformation of the pesticide propoxur during percutaneous absorption in vitro [19].
• The degradation behavior of propoxur, selected as a model pesticide belonging to the N-methylcarbamate group, in various aqueous matrices (Milli-Q water, drinking water, rain water, seawater and river water) was investigated [20].

Anatomical context of Aprocarb

• Mitogenic effects of propoxur on male rat bladder urothelium [1].
• Affinity and carbamylation rate constants of propoxur in reaction with erythrocyte and serum cholinesterase [21].
• Here we expand analyses to include additional insecticides (the organophosphate diazinon and the carbamate propoxur), a larger sample size (n = 314 mother-newborn pairs), and insecticide measurements in maternal personal air during pregnancy as well as in umbilical cord plasma at delivery [22].
• Genotoxicity of the pesticide propoxur and its nitroso derivative, NO-propoxur, on human lymphocytes in vitro [23].
• In the present set of investigations, mutagenicity of propoxur (in formulation) was studied using the micronucleus assay in bone marrow of Swiss mice [14].

Associations of Aprocarb with other chemical compounds

• The hyperplastic and tumorigenic effects do not occur if urinary pH is lowered by administering propoxur in a semi-synthetic diet or co-administering it with ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) [1].
• Chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and propoxur were detected in 99.7-100% of 48-h personal air samples collected from the mothers during pregnancy (n = 394) and in 39-70% of blood samples collected from the mothers (n = 326) and/or newborns (n = 341) at delivery [24].
• Three carbamate insecticides (propoxur, methomyl, and aldicarb) were evaluated for their ability to induce micronuclei (MN) in vitro using cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, and in vivo in mouse bone marrow erythrocytes [25].
• Percutaneous penetration of propoxur in human volunteers was measured by analysis of its metabolite (2-isopropoxyphenol) in blood and urine; in all other studies radiolabeled propoxur ([ring-U-(14)C]propoxur) was used [16].
• Synergism between insecticides permethrin and propoxur occurs through activation of presynaptic muscarinic negative feedback of acetylcholine release in the insect central nervous system [3].

Gene context of Aprocarb

• The study area was in El Salvador, Central America, and antimalarial activities consisted of the residual application of the pesticide, propoxur, and drug distribution through a combination of active and passive case detection [26].
• This general behavior was in agreement with the presence of an enzymatic system (S10 fraction) in Vicia roots capable of metabolizing or activating the propoxur [17].
• AChE from susceptible ticks had almost no activity at this concentration of propoxur whereas AChE from resistant ticks had 67% of its potential activity [27].
• The administration of iso-OMPA followed by propoxur elicited inhibition of AChE to a critical level and produced severe intoxication [28].
• These results suggest that tolerance to propoxur is not mediated by a decrease of cholinergic receptors, as reported for other acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, but possibly by an enhancement of its metabolism [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Aprocarb

• The reliability of a published method to predict survivorship in the WHO propoxur-resistance bioassay (WHO test) from the results of a biochemical assay for detecting the insensitivity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is described [30].
• The detection limit (3 s) of the biosensor for propoxur (0.4 ng) is lower than that measured for carbaryl (25 ng) [31].
• Percutaneous absorption and concurrent cutaneous metabolism of propoxur were studied in a two-compartment organ culture model [19].
• Apart from other toxic effects, propoxur was found to possess tumorigenic activity in rats after oral administration [2].
• HPLC was used to analyze propoxur concentrations [32].

References