Disease relevance of Diadenosine Pentaphosphate

• BACKGROUND: In rats, diadenosine pentaphosphate (AP(5)A) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension [1].
• NudA had hydrolytic activity typical of other Nudix hydrolases, such as Escherichia coli YgdP, in that Ap(n)A's, in particular diadenosine pentaphosphate (Ap(5)A), were the preferred substrates [2].
• Influence of purinoceptor antagonism on diadenosine pentaphosphate-induced hypotension in anesthetized rats [3].

High impact information on Diadenosine Pentaphosphate

• When used in conjunction with the adenylate kinase inhibitor P1,P5-bis(5'-adenosyl) pentaphosphate (Ap5A), ADP had effects similar to those of ADP[beta S] [4].
• Ecto-AK accounted for 20% of [gamma-(32)P]ATP dephosphorylation, and the impermeant AK inhibitor, diadenosine pentaphosphate, reduced ADPase activity by more than 70% on both epithelial surfaces [5].
• The P4 receptor is a receptor-operated Ca(2)+ channel present in rat brain synaptic terminals, stimulated by diadenosine pentaphosphate and diadenosine tetraphosphate [6].
• Specific diadenosine pentaphosphate receptor coupled to extracellular regulated kinases in cerebellar astrocytes [7].
• Diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) and diadenosine pentaphosphate (Ap5A) have been identified in bovine adrenal medullary tissue using an HPLC method [8].

Biological context of Diadenosine Pentaphosphate

• We studied the kinetics and compared the inhibition capacities of AMP and diadenosine pentaphosphate [9].
• The effects of the endogenous, platelet-derived vasoactive compounds, diadenosine tetraphosphate (AP4A), diadenosine pentaphosphate (AP5A), and diadenosine hexaphosphate (AP6A) on the vasoconstriction of isolated rat renal resistance vessels and rat aortic strips were measured using a vessel myograph [10].
• Diguanosine tetraphosphate, bis-2,6-diaminopurine beta-D-ribofuranoside tetraphosphate, and diadenosine pentaphosphate were substrates for the hydrolase; relative velocities of hydrolysis estimated for 0.5 mM diadenosine tetraphosphate and these other substrates were 1:0.51:0.44:0.20, respectively [11].
• Regulation of neutrophil apoptosis by diadenosine pentaphosphate and GM-CSF [12].
• The inhibitor, diadenosine pentaphosphate, abolishes AMP photophosphorylation, and inhibits dark ADP binding [13].

Anatomical context of Diadenosine Pentaphosphate

• All cathodal bands were inhibited by reagent containing diadenosine pentaphosphate, as was adenylate kinase from erythrocytes and liver cytoplasm [14].
• In experiments on synaptosomes from the whole brain, diadenosine pentaphosphate taken at a concentration of 100 microM increased the intrasynaptosomal calcium level measured by means of spectrofluorimetry for 26 +/- 1.8 nM (by 24 +/- 2%) [15].
• Independent receptors for diadenosine pentaphosphate and ATP in rat midbrain single synaptic terminals [16].
• Since the electrophysiological properties of atrial myocardium are effectively regulated by A(1) receptors, we investigated the effect of diadenosine pentaphosphate (Ap(5)A) in rabbit myocardium [17].
• Diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) and diadenosine pentaphosphate (Ap5A) were identified and quantified in the aqueous humor with concentrations of 0.34 +/- 0.1 and 0.08 +/- 0.01 microM, respectively [18].

Associations of Diadenosine Pentaphosphate with other chemical compounds

• Relative inhibition of human adenylate kinase and creatine kinase isoenzymes by adenosine 5'-monophosphate and diadenosine pentaphosphate [19].
• Diadenosine pentaphosphate (Ap(5)A) elicits Ca(2+) transients in isolated rat midbrain synaptic terminals acting through specific ionotropic dinucleotide receptors [20].
• Diadenosine tetraphosphate, Ap4A, diadenosine pentaphosphate Ap5A, and diadenosine hexaphosphate, Ap6A, are stored in synaptic vesicles and are released upon nerve terminal depolarization [21].
• Diinosine pentaphosphate (Ip5I) antagonized contractions, mediated via P2X receptors, evoked by diadenosine pentaphosphate (Ap5A) and ATP in the guinea-pig isolated vas deferens with pA2 values of 6.4 +/- 0.17 (10 d.f.) and 6.5 +/- 0.10 (10 d.f.), respectively [22].
• Positive inotropic and sustained anti-beta-adrenergic effect of diadenosine pentaphosphate in human and guinea pig hearts. Role of dinucleotide receptors and adenosine receptors [23].

Gene context of Diadenosine Pentaphosphate

• We show that creatine kinase can be measured in serum when adenylate kinase is inhibited by sulfur, and that the sensitivity and specificity of this inhibition are of the same order as the inhibition of serum adenylate kinase activity by AMP plus diadenosine pentaphosphate [24].
• 5 The addition of the adenylate kinase inhibitor, diadenosine pentaphosphate (Ap(5)A) significantly reduced the ADP response [25].
• The activity of the Na+/K+ pump is increased in vasa deferentia from hamsters kept in short photoperiods and the postsynaptic response to the ATP receptor agonist, diadenosine pentaphosphate, is also enhanced [26].
• Inhibiting the adenylate kinase with diadenosine pentaphosphate the ADP regeneration from AMP and ATP was suppressed which, in turn, enhanced the ADP/O ratios [27].
• Adenosine deaminase (0.2 U ml-1) totally annulled the inhibition of epileptiform activity produced by 10 microM adenosine but reduced only the later components of the inhibition by 10 microM diadenosine tetraphosphate and diadenosine pentaphosphate [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Diadenosine Pentaphosphate

• ADP to ATP conversion was inhibited by diadenosine pentaphosphate, oligomycin, and UDP, suggesting the involvement of cell surface adenylate kinase, F(1)F(0) ATP synthase, and nucleoside diphosphokinase (NDPK), respectively, which was supported by immunohistochemistry [29].
• The release of diadenosine polyphosphates--diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) and diadenosine pentaphosphate (Ap5A)--was measured by intracerebral push-pull perfusion in conscious rats after systemic amphetamine injection [30].
• The AN69 hemofiltration membrane has a decreasing effect on the intracellular diadenosine pentaphosphate concentration of platelets [31].
• In the present study, the effects of hemodialysis on the intracellular amount of diadenosine pentaphosphate (Ap(5)A), a hydrophilic, anionic substance with a low molecular weight, was investigated [31].

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