Disease relevance of Flavomycin

• The antibacterial activity of bambermycin (Flavomycin) was strongly inhibited by the addition of blood, except with the species Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus mundtii, Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus casseliflavus, and Enterococcus gallinarum, which were not susceptible to this antibiotic on blood-free medium [1].
• The in-vitro activity of oxacillin combined with non-beta-lactam antibiotics, bacitracin, vancomycin, enduracidin, tunicamycin, flavomycin, fosfomycin, and cycloserine, was investigated in 23 methicillin-resistant and 15 methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains [2].
• Bambermycin (flavophospholipol) is a phosphoglycolipid antimicrobial produced by various strains of Streptomyces [3].
• Effects of hen age, Bio-Mos, and Flavomycin on poult susceptibility to oral Escherichia coli challenge [4].
• The effect of flavophospholipol (Flavomycin) and salinomycin sodium (Sacox) on the excretion of Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella enteritidis, and Campylobacter jejuni in broilers after experimental infection [5].

High impact information on Flavomycin

• Consistent with this suggestion, we found that non-glycopeptide inhibitors of the late steps in cell wall biosynthesis such as moenomycin A, bacitracin and ramoplanin were not inducers of the S. coelicolor VanRS system, in contrast to results obtained in enterococcal VanRS systems [6].
• We report here the total synthesis of moenomycin A using the sulfoxide glycosylation method [7].
• Antibiotics that acted as inducers of the sigE signal transduction system were all inhibitors of intermediate and late steps in peptidoglycan biosynthesis, including ramoplanin, moenomycin A, bacitracin, several glycopeptides and some beta-lactams [8].
• MGT activity was inhibited by moenomycin A, and the reaction product was sensitive to lysozyme treatment [9].
• The pbp2a mutants, but not the other mutants, were more sensitive to moenomycin, a transglycosylase inhibitor [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Flavomycin

• METHODS AND RESULTS: Four Salmonella serotypes (Dublin, Derby, Typhimurium, and Enteriditis) and two strains of E. coli O157:H7 (ATCC 43895 and FDIU 6058) were cultured in the presence of varying concentrations of ionophores (monensin, lasalocid, laidlomycin propionate, and bambermycin) in pure and mixed ruminal fluid cultures [11].

Biological context of Flavomycin

• Proteolytic, peptidolytic and amino acid deamination activities were similar in the rumen, caecum and colon; they tended to be lower in animals receiving flavomycin [12].
• Similarity of 98% was obtained with the 16S rRNA gene of Streptomyces roseoflavus, which produces the aminoglycoside antibiotic flavomycin [13].
• Their antibiotic properties highlight the very specific recognition of moenomycin A at the transglycosylase binding site which is the basis of the transglycosylase inhibiting property of moenomycin A (4a) [14].
• The effect of bambermycin, carbadox, chlortetracycline and olaquindox on antibiotic resistance in intestinal coliforms: a new animal model [15].

Anatomical context of Flavomycin

• Moenomycin A is the only known natural antibiotic that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to the transglycosylases that catalyze formation of the carbohydrate chains of peptidoglycan [7].
• Characterisation of antibiotic moenomycin A interaction with phospholipid model membranes [16].
• Influence of flavomycin on microbial numbers, microbial metabolism and gut tissue protein turnover in the digestive tract of sheep [12].

Gene context of Flavomycin

• Using a combination of physico-chemical techniques (MAS NMR, DSC, freeze-fracture electron microscopy, molecular modelling) the antibiotic moenomycin A was found to be anchored by its hydrophobic chain into multilamellar POPC membranes [16].
• A surface plasmon resonance analysis of the interaction between the antibiotic moenomycin A and penicillin-binding protein 1b [17].
• This reaction was inhibited by moenomycin, a known transglycosylase inhibitor [18].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Flavomycin

• Freeze-fracture electron microscopy images show ripple like structures for low moenomycin A concentrations, which are rare for high concentrations [16].
• Suitable ligands have been prepared from moenomycin A and coupled both to affinity supports and to surface plasmon resonance sensor surfaces [19].
• The antibiotic moenomycin A was obtained from the FlavomycinR complex by ultrafiltration, chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose ion exchanger and reverse-phase chromatography in 98% purity [20].
• The only effect of flavomycin was an increased bacterial count in the rumen (3.5 v. 1.2 x 10(9) per g; P=0.04) [12].
• Here we describe a simple, highly specific affinity chromatography method that takes advantage of the availability of the specific inhibitor of the transglycosylase site moenomycin A in order to enrich PBP 1A and 1Bs in one step from crude membrane preparations [21].

References