Disease relevance of Ultrafiltration

• Preservation of the glomerular capillary ultrafiltration coefficient during rat nephrotoxic serum nephritis by a specific leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist [1].
• METHODS: We studied seven consecutive patients aged 16-46 years (five women, four candidates for orthotopic liver transplantation [OLT]) with acute liver failure who fulfilled criteria for poor-prognosis liver failure and had increased intracranial pressure that was unresponsive to two treatments with mannitol and ultrafiltration [2].
• Intracranial hypertension complicating fulminant hepatic failure has a mortality in excess of 90% in the presence of renal failure if not rapidly responsive to mannitol and ultrafiltration [3].
• The tumor-derived activity is dialyzable (cutoff, Mr 3500), stable to trypsin treatment and to heating at 56 degrees, but destroyed by heating to 100 degrees or by treatment with Streptomyces griseus protease or carboxypeptidase A. Ultrafiltration suggests a molecular weight of 300 to 1000 [4].
• These changes may result from diminished affinity of heparan sulfate proteoglycan for extracellular matrix or cell surfaces and may account for altered glomerular ultrafiltration properties in diabetes mellitus [5].

Psychiatry related information on Ultrafiltration

• The behavior of the urinary factor in two ion exchange chromatographic steps, high voltage electrophoresis, gel-filtration, and ultrafiltration was similar to that of factor S. Effects of the purified urinary factor on slow-wave sleep of rats and rabbits were similar in time-course and duration to those of factor S from brain [6].

High impact information on Ultrafiltration

• A trend toward restricted transglomerular transport of neutral dextrans (radii, 2.4 to 5.8 nm) in cyclosporine-treated recipients suggested an intrinsic loss of ultrafiltration capacity by glomerular capillaries rather than a hemodynamic basis for the reduced glomerular filtration rate [7].
• In the oligotrophic North Atlantic and North Pacific, ultrafiltration studies show that concentrations of soluble iron and soluble iron-binding organic ligands are much lower than previously presumed "dissolved" concentrations, which were operationally defined as that passing through a 0.4-micrometer pore filter [8].
• DESIGN: In vitro studies comparing measurements of total and free T4 and T3 by ultrafiltration assay (undiluted serum) and a commercial free T4 estimate kit in control serum samples or serum samples containing added therapeutic levels of phenytoin or carbamazepine [9].
• We treated eight severely hypertensive, long-term hemodialysis patients who failed to respond to ultrafiltration or conventional medication with minoxidil rather than with bilateral nephrectomy [10].
• Micropuncture studies demonstrated reduced single nephron plasma flow and glomerular filtration rates, increased transcapillary hydraulic pressure difference, pre- and postglomerular resistances, and decreased ultrafiltration coefficient in PHN rats [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Ultrafiltration

• Sorbinil does not prevent hyperfiltration, elevated ultrafiltration pressure and albuminuria in streptozotocin-diabetic rats [12].
• BACKGROUND: Progressive peritoneal fibrosis, membrane hyperpermeability, and ultrafiltration failure have been observed in long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) using glucose as an osmotic agent [13].
• In addition, both Y. enterocolitica enterotoxin concentrated approximately 20 times by ammonium sulfate precipitation and ultrafiltration and a similarly prepared sample of E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin stimulated the activity of guanylate cyclase but not that of adenylate cyclase in infant mouse intestine [14].
• Clinical utility of measuring free thyroxin and free triiodothyronine in serum of critically ill patients by ultrafiltration [15].
• ENA treatment achieved control of both systemic and glomerular hypertension, maintenance of glomerular hyperfiltration and hyperperfusion, increased ultrafiltration coefficient(Kf), and long-term protection against UpV and FGS [16].

Biological context of Ultrafiltration

• ANF is known to reduce plasma volume in anephric animals and to increase the ultrafiltration coefficients of isolated capillaries [17].
• Single-nephron GFR (SNGFR) decreased markedly in untreated rats after AGBM-Ab as a result of afferent and efferent arteriolar vasoconstriction with consequent reductions in nephron plasma flow (SNPF) and decreases in the glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient (LpA) [18].
• Plasma protein binding of (R)-warfarin was measured by ultrafiltration [19].
• Using ultrafiltration dialysis followed by Scatchard analysis, at least two sets of binding sites were found for the interaction of HSA with EqS or E1S [20].
• An automated rapid-mixing ultrafiltration apparatus was constructed to measure at subsecond times the kinetics of binding of radiolabeled cholinergic ligands to nicotinic postsynaptic membranes isolated from Torpedo electric tissue [21].

Anatomical context of Ultrafiltration

• Leukotriene D4, a potent biologically active lipoxygenase derivative of arachidonic acid in activated leukocytes, depresses the glomerular capillary ultrafiltration coefficient (Kf) and contracts mesangial cells in culture [1].
• Angiotensin II effects upon the glomerular microcirculation and ultrafiltration coefficient of the rat [22].
• In the course of dilution/ultrafiltration of the hemolysate a possible cause for the reduced activity of the enzyme was found: most of the NADP was bound to soluble macromolecules of the erythrocyte [23].
• Lymphocyte-conditioned medium (LCM) has the same effect, which is moderately sensitive to heat, is retained by ultrafiltration over a Mr 10,000 cut-off filter, and is reduced by trypsin treatment or by preincubation of lymphocytes with 0.3 micrograms/ml cycloheximide [24].
• To determine the identity of this species and compare its molecular properties to pure Sm-C, 2 liters of conditioned medium derived from human fibroblast monolayers were concentrated (X10) by ultrafiltration [25].

Associations of Ultrafiltration with chemical compounds

• In group 2 diabetic rats infusion of insulin to achieve acute blood glucose control normalized the glomerular transcapillary pressure gradient while increasing the glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient, so that SNGFR remained elevated [26].
• Extrapolated to 4 X 2 liters, 2.5% dextrose, 6-h exchanges per d, lymphatic drainage reduced potential daily net ultrafiltration by 83.2 +/- 10.2%, daily urea clearance by 16.9 +/- 1.9%, and daily creatinine clearance by 16.5 +/- 1.9% [27].
• In similarly prepared rats, dietary protein restriction (6% vs. 20%) led to a lower glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure, a higher ultrafiltration coefficient, and similar single nephron filtration rates [28].
• The ER4 antibody-induced fall in GFR was mainly caused by a marked decrement in the ultrafiltration coefficient, Kf, which was dependent on TxA2 and 5-lipoxygenase products, since pretreatment of animals with a thromboxane receptor antagonist or with a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor partially ameliorated this decrement [29].
• Infusion of saralasin to these water-deprived rats resulted in significant increases in plasma flow rate and ultrafiltration coefficient, and decline in arteriolar resistances [30].

Gene context of Ultrafiltration

• IGFBP-bound IGFs are dissociated and separated by acid pH ultrafiltration, and a monoclonal antibody specific to the first 160 amino acids of IGFBP-3 is used to capture hIGFBP-3 in a solid-phase assay [31].
• Furthermore, the effects of removing DTE by means of ultrafiltration or the addition of protease inhibitors and high-speed centrifugation on endogenous levels and spiking recovery of eotaxin were assessed [32].
• Further study is warranted to elucidate the role of AQP3 in HPMC for maintaining the ultrafiltration of the peritoneal membrane [33].
• This could help to maintain glomerular ultrafiltration in states of endotoxin excess as well as during glomerular formation and action of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta causing iNOS induction and subsequent overproduction of NO [34].
• Evaluation of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors using pulsed ultrafiltration mass spectrometry [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ultrafiltration

• Micropuncture study during intravenous ACH infusion revealed significantly higher afferent and efferent arteriolar resistances and lower ultrafiltration coefficients in denuded versus nondenuded kidneys [36].
• Ultracentrifugation and ultrafiltration of abnormal bile removed all detectable mucous glycoprotein, yet bile that had been filtered exhibited as rapid a nucleation time as unfiltered bile [37].
• Spectrophotometric Ca titration using murexide as an indicator and an ultrafiltration method with 45Ca show that AcChR proteins have a high binding capacity for Ca ions [38].
• In 26 Wistar rats with surface glomeruli, the determinants of glomerular ultrafiltration and peritubular capillary uptake of proximal reabsorbate were studied before and during intravenous infusions of norepinephrine or angiotensin II [39].
• The steps involved in its extraction and purification include ultrafiltration, gel filtration through Sephadex G-200 superfine, ion-exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl Sephadex A-50, and hydroxylapatite chromatography [40].

References