Disease relevance of Chromic oxide pigment

• The results of this study indicate significant differences in toxicity to the respiratory tract between trivalent chromium compounds chromic oxide and basic chromium sulfate [1].
• Chromic oxide caused pathological changes in the bronchial and mediastinal lymphatic tissue and lungs, consisting of the presence of pigment-laden macrophages, lymphoid and septal hyperplasia, and interstitial inflammation similar to that observed with other inert dusts [1].
• Studies on thermal dehydration of hydrated chromic oxide [2].
• Grazing feed intake was estimated by fecal output (chromic oxide method)/l-diet digestibility and to measure non-specific response, Brucella antibodies were detected at 11 and 40 days post-vaccination in early winter [3].

High impact information on Chromic oxide pigment

• Feces were collected from days 5 to 7 and absorption of different sterols was calculated from the intestinal disappearance of the different sterols relative to [5,6,22,23-2H4]sitostanol and chromic oxide [4].
• Blood glucose and the activity of several liver enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were unaffected by dietary chromic oxide [5].
• This study was conducted to determine whether the level of chromic oxide supplemented to diets containing gelatinized starch as the carbohydrate source affects digestibility, body composition, growth performances, and liver enzyme activities in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata [5].
• Alanine aminotransferase was lower in the fish fed the diet with 10 g/kg of chromic oxide than in unsupplemented controls [5].
• This study was conducted to determine if the level of dietary chromic oxide will affect glucose utilization and tissue chromium retention by channel catfish [6].

Biological context of Chromic oxide pigment

• Intestinal contents were analysed for worm burdens, worm location and female worm fecundity along with the concentration of insoluble (chromic oxide) and soluble (polyethylene glycol-4000) markers, lignin, non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and organic acids [7].
• A NOAEL was not established for either test material, but 4.4 mg/m3 was thought to be near the NOAEL level for subchronic exposure to chromic oxide [1].
• As a first step in developing marker methods for field use, a chromic oxide model of fecal kinetics was developed and tested in the context of a digestion balance experiment with stall-fed horses [8].
• Asbestos compared with six classical "insoluble" facilitators (bentonite, calcium phosphate, chromic oxide, ferric oxide, kaolin, talc) was of intermediate rank in transfection mediation [9].

Anatomical context of Chromic oxide pigment

• There was a significant (P < 0.05) linear increase in the concentration of sialic acids relative to chromic oxide in the small intestinal contents with increasing fiber viscosity, indicating an increase in mucoproteins [10].
• Measurements over 5 d of the flow of dry matter and of chromic oxide at the duodenum of cattle [proceedings] [11].
• Chromic oxide (.5%) was used as an indicator to measure flow through the digestive tract [12].
• A 24 h collection of duodenal digesta was made using chromic oxide for flow estimation and 35S as a marker of microbial N entering the small intestine [13].
• After adaptation to the diet for 10 d, samples from feces and ileum were collected and analyzed for DM, energy, NSP, and chromic oxide; feces were also analyzed for short chain fatty acids (SCFA) [14].

Associations of Chromic oxide pigment with other chemical compounds

• Ash from samples oxidized by perchloric acid and quantified by DPC colorimetry gave a better measure of actual chromic oxide content as compared to the other methods tested [15].
• Vitamin A, 240,000 I.U., was predissolved in 11.7 g of safflower or coconut oil and bolused directly into the rumen of mature wethers along with 4 g of chromic oxide [16].
• Tungstic acid precipitable N and nonprecipitable N were measured in feed, rumen and feces of cows fed complete diets, and changes in ratios of these components to chromic oxide were used to estimate net changes in true protein from feed to rumen to feces [17].
• Sulphamonomethoxine (SMM) or sulphadimethoxine (SDM) were fed each to four laying hens at a dietary content of 400 p.p.m. 1000 p.p.m. of chromic oxide were supplemented to the experimental diets as an indicator for the absorbability in the gastrointestinal tract [18].

Gene context of Chromic oxide pigment

• Controlled-release chromic oxide boluses were used as an external marker to estimate fecal output, and acid insoluble ash was used as an internal marker to predict OM digestibility (OMD) [19].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Chromic oxide pigment

• Diet samples and digesta collected through the ileal cannulas were analyzed for chromic oxide (used as an indigestible marker), DM, and N [20].
• Use of microwave digestion and atomic absorption spectrophotometry to determine chromic oxide as a digestibility marker in feed, feces, and ileal content [21].

References