Disease relevance of Carbohydrate Metabolism

• To determine the mechanism responsible for the postprandial hyperglycemia, insulin secretion, insulin action, and the pattern of carbohydrate metabolism after glucose ingestion were assessed in patients with NIDDM and in matched nondiabetic subjects using the dual isotope and forearm catheterization techniques [1].
• This somatostatin analogue is effective in the treatment of acromegaly, has no major side effects, and causes only transient changes in carbohydrate metabolism [2].
• Because carbohydrate metabolism is altered in hypertension, we undertook the present study to assess the relation of diastolic dysfunction in hypertension to plasma glucose and insulin concentrations [3].
• The identification of mutations in glucokinase, a protein that plays an important role in hepatic and beta-cell glucose metabolism, indicates that early-onset non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus may be primarily a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism [4].
• Our results suggest that hydrazine sulfate can influence the abnormal carbohydrate metabolism associated with weight loss in patients with cancer [5].

Psychiatry related information on Carbohydrate Metabolism

• Convulsive therapy caused a disorder in cerebral carbohydrate metabolism while no similar changes were induced by atropine coma [6].

High impact information on Carbohydrate Metabolism

• The effects of increasing glucose transport on carbohydrate metabolism in muscle and fat are presented [7].
• Since PCOS usually has a menarchal age of onset, this makes it a particularly appropriate disorder in which to examine the ontogeny of defects in carbohydrate metabolism and for ascertaining large three-generation kindreds for positional cloning studies to identify NIDDM genes [8].
• Growth hormone, first identified for its dramatic effect on longitudinal growth, is now known to exert generalized effects on protein, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism [9].
• The carbon-13 sensitivity and resolution obtained shows that natural abundance carbon-13 NMR will be valuable in the study of disorders in fat metabolism, and that experiments with substrates labeled with carbon-13 can be used to study carbohydrate metabolism in vivo [10].
• At RNA polymerase II promoters, RSC specifically targets several gene classes, including histones, small nucleolar RNAs, the nitrogen discrimination pathway, nonfermentative carbohydrate metabolism, and mitochondrial function [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Carbohydrate Metabolism

• Influence of hydrazine sulfate on abnormal carbohydrate metabolism in cancer patients with weight loss [5].
• The HPr kinase of Gram-positive bacteria is an ATP-dependent serine protein kinase, which phosphorylates the HPr protein of the bacterial phosphotransferase system (PTS) and is involved in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism [12].
• Stable isotope tracer methodology and indirect calorimetry was used to determine the rates of intermediary carbohydrate metabolism and oxygen use in five severely septic patients with lactic acidosis and six healthy volunteers before and after administration of DCA [13].
• Current evidence suggests that high-fiber diets, especially of the soluble variety, and soluble fiber supplements may offer some improvement in carbohydrate metabolism, lower total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and have other beneficial effects in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) [14].
• Effect of nifedipine on carbohydrate metabolism and serum lipoproteins in hypertensive patients with and without diabetes mellitus [15].

Biological context of Carbohydrate Metabolism

• Metabolic effects of the nocturnal rise in cortisol on carbohydrate metabolism in normal humans [16].
• In view of the variety of roles of PGM in the liver (carbohydrate metabolism and Ca2+ homeostasis), specific roles of this modification in terms of the effects of alcohol on hepatocytes may deserve further investigation [17].
• The level of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in diabetes and starvation, and after refeeding correlates as well with the rate of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in these states and thereby provides further support for its role in regulating hepatic carbohydrate metabolism [18].
• Significant improvements in blood pressure, lipid abnormalities, parameters of carbohydrate metabolism, and cardiorespiratory, symptoms were associated with weight loss and/or the PSMF [19].
• The present study explores the possibility that angiotensin II and vasopressin control the activity of regulatory enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism through Ca2+-dependent changes in their state of phosphorylation [20].

Anatomical context of Carbohydrate Metabolism

• Relaxin is thought to influence carbohydrate metabolism in the uterus, and it has been suggested that serum concentrations of relaxin in diabetic women are higher than those of non-diabetic women [21].
• Therefore, even if phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity is present in pancreatic islets, it is so low that it is unlikely that phosphoenolpyruvate formation would be favored and the contribution of the carboxykinase to intracellular carbohydrate metabolism must be quantitatively unimportant [22].
• Effects of modulation of glycerol kinase expression on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in human muscle cells [23].
• The results have revealed that Hsf1 is necessary for heat-induced transcription of not only HSP but also genes encoding proteins involved in diverse cellular processes such as protein degradation, detoxification, energy generation, carbohydrate metabolism, and maintenance of cell wall integrity [24].
• The liver/islet (GLUT2) and muscle/adipose tissue (GLUT4) glucose-transporter gene products, membrane proteins that facilitate glucose uptake into cells, are important molecules for normal carbohydrate metabolism [25].

Associations of Carbohydrate Metabolism with chemical compounds

• The results are consistent with the possibility that the activity of carnitine acyltransferase, and thus ketogenic capacity, is subject to bihormonal control through the relative blood concentrations of insulin and glucagon, as also appears to be the case with hepatic carbohydrate metabolism [26].
• Lys-conopressin also induces a depolarizing response in LSCPR-expressing neuroendocrine cells that control carbohydrate metabolism [27].
• Acute effects of a low-dose bradykinin infusion (30 ng/kg per min) on carbohydrate metabolism were studied in five patients after major burn injury [28].
• Influence of oral contraceptives, pyridoxine (vitamin B6), and tryptophan on carbohydrate metabolism [29].
• DAMME and other substances with opiate-like activity, such as morphine and beta-endorphin, affect carbohydrate metabolism and insulin secretion [30].

Gene context of Carbohydrate Metabolism

• This Review will focus on the role of PPARgamma in human physiology, with specific reference to clinical pharmacological studies, and analysis of PPARG gene variants in the abnormal lipid and carbohydrate metabolism of the metabolic syndrome [31].
• Molecular phenotyping of the pal1 and pal2 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana reveals far-reaching consequences on phenylpropanoid, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism [32].
• Like Akt1, Akt3 is not required for the maintenance of normal carbohydrate metabolism but is essential for the attainment of normal organ size [33].
• Examination of the effects of csrA on several enzymes, genes, and metabolites of central carbohydrate metabolism now establishes a more extensive role for csrA in directing intracellular carbon flux [34].
• These data indicate that NO plays a role in modulating insulin sensitivity and carbohydrate metabolism and that the eNOS isoform may play a dominant role relative to nNOS [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Carbohydrate Metabolism

• These subjects were divided into two groups on the basis of altered carbohydrate metabolism as measured by circadian insulin levels and flux of glucose, inorganic phosphorus, and insulin measured during a 5-hr oral glucose tolerance test [36].
• We studied the effects of troglitazone (200-800 mg daily) or placebo on carbohydrate metabolism in 18 subjects with type 2 diabetes (mean age, 66 yr; body mass index, 27.7 kg/m2) at baseline and after taking medication for 12 weeks [37].
• The effects of oral and transdermal administration of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) have been fairly well investigated regarding lipoprotein and carbohydrate metabolism, while the effects of different modes of estrogen administration on the haemostatic system have been less well studied [38].
• Although many animal experiments (under different experimental circumstances) have been performed, however, to date there have been no human studies of the role of capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves in carbohydrate metabolism [39].
• Changes in glucose tolerance, in secretion of pancreatic hormones and in the islets of the pancreas were investigated after major resection of the pancreas in dogs to elucidate the pathophysiologic features of carbohydrate metabolism and the difference in the amount of insulin required in diabetes after total and partial pancreatectomy [40].

References