Disease relevance of GPT

• The cloned GPT gene and associated polymorphisms will be useful for linkage and physical mapping of disease loci that map to the terminus of 8q, including atypical vitelliform macular dystrophy (VMD1) and epidermolysis bullosa simplex, type Ogna (EBS1) [1].
• Serial serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were retrospectively analyzed and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was also evaluated to correlate with the progression of this disease [2].
• Moreover, the group with non-A, non-B (NANB) cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis has shown a statistically significant correlation between TPA and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) [3].
• Serum of patients with liver disease exhibited elevated ADH levels paralleled by increased gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), glutamate oxalacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), but not alkaline phosphatase (AP) activities [4].
• No evidence was found of association between GPT phenotypes and either nephrological diseases or PKU (phenylketonuria) [5].

Psychiatry related information on GPT

• The series from Nandi differed significantly from the Lau Islands for gene frequencies in GPT, ACP and ESD, Koro Island differed from the other localities at the PGD locus and from Nandi for ESD [6].
• The associations of physical activity and adiposity with alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase [7].
• This study was aimed at examining the association of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase with current alcohol consumption and with some aspects of drinking pattern (e.g., drinking frequency during the week and in relation to food consumption) [8].
• As markers of chronic alcohol abuse, serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), hyaluronate, mean corpuscular volume of red blood cells (MCV) and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) were measured [9].
• The relationship between the GOT/GPT ratio in nonviral liver disorders and underlying physical condition and life-style were evaluated [10].

High impact information on GPT

• Self-limited post-treatment elevations in serum alanine aminotransferase were more common in lamivudine recipients: 25 percent had serum alanine aminotransferase levels that were at least three times base-line levels, as compared with 8 percent of placebo recipients (P=0.01) [11].
• All were asymptomatic and had high serum gamma-glutamyltransferase concentrations (mean [+/-SD], 179 +/- 84 U per liter); 75 percent also had abnormal serum alanine aminotransferase concentrations [12].
• The evaluations also included an assessment of risk factors, a physical examination, serial determinations of alanine aminotransferase levels and HCV serologic assays, a polymerase-chain-reaction assay for HCV RNA, testing of sexual contacts and family members, and liver biopsies in some participants who were HCV-positive by RIBA [13].
• In about half the patients with chronic hepatitis D treated with high doses of interferon alfa-2a (9 million units three times a week for 48 weeks), the serum alanine aminotransferase level becomes normal, HDV RNA becomes undetectable in serum, and there is histologic improvement [14].
• Seven patients treated with the higher dose of interferon (50 percent) had a complete response (normal levels of alanine aminotransferase and no detectable serum hepatitis delta virus [HDV] RNA), as compared with three of those who received the lower dose (21 percent, P = 0.118), and none of the controls (P = 0.004) [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of GPT

• Low-grade liver cirrhosis (A or B), lower tumor volume and low levels of AFT, GOT/GPT, and total bilirubin were predictors of longer post-radiation survival time (P<0.05) [15].
• The lipid profile, renal function parameters (creatinine, creatinine clearance, and proteinuria), as well as GOT, GPT, and CK were determined at baseline and at 3 months [16].
• Pretreatment with aloe vera leaves extract at concentration of 1.0 ml/kg body weight significantly decreased (P<0.05) the serum levels of GPT (by 41.8%), GOT (by 36.5%), GGT (by 14.3%) and ALP (by 10.7%) induced by 100mg/kg body weight of lindane [17].
• Blood pressure and laboratory markers (serum uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, platelet count, and 24-h proteinuria) were compared according to Hp phenotypes of preeclamptic women [18].
• A series of diagnostic and laboratory tests revealed an enlarged liver and elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) up to 372 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) up to 99 U/L, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) up to 962 U/L, and alkaline phosphatase up to 758 U/L [19].

Biological context of GPT

• The amino acid sequence is highly homologous to that of rat GPT (87.9% identity) recently determined [Ishiguro, M., Suzuki, M., Takio, K., Matsuzawa, T., & Titani, K. (1991) Biochemistry 30, 6048-6053] [20].
• All of the crucial amino acid residues are conserved in human GPT, which seem to be hydrogen bonding to pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in rat GPT by the sequence homology to other alpha-aminotransferases with known tertiary structures [20].
• Gene frequencies of common and rare GPT alleles derived from an investigation of 1139 unrelated, healthy individuals from southwestern Germany are given [21].
• First, two cosmids shown to contain the GPT sequence were derived from a chromosome 8-specific library [1].
• The human GPT genomic sequence spans 2,7 kb and consists of 11 exons, ranging in size from 79 to 243 bp [1].

Anatomical context of GPT

• The method of choice to determine erythrocyte glutamate-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) including rare variants was starch gel electrophoresis [22].
• Egg count, indirect haemagglutination test (IHAT), haemoglobin level, total leucocyte and eosinophil counts, serum bilirubin, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) are performed [23].
• Analysis of blood plasma from oligonucleotide-treated animals shows a possible transient elevation in levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), but not alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GT), and bilirubin [24].
• In rats with continuous HGF supply significantly lower serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) level was observed compared to its marked elevation in control rats and the degree of hepatocyte damage was slight on histological analysis [25].
• Tumor volume, severity of liver cirrhosis, status with respect to portal vein thrombosis and ascites and AFT, GOT/GPT and total bilirubin values were significant predictors of survival in this study [15].

Associations of GPT with chemical compounds

• The more abundant expression of GPT2 than GPT, especially in muscle and fat, suggests a unique and previously unrecognized role of this gene product in glucose, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism and homeostasis [26].
• Two frequent protein variants of glutamate pyruvate transminase (GPT) (E.C.2.6.1.2) have been used as genetic markers in humans for more than two decades, although chromosomal mapping of the GPT locus in the 1980s produced conflicting results [1].
• The results are inconclusive for MNSs, K, Le, Se, GPT and Inv [27].
• In addition, a method for the consecutive determination of esterase D (ESD) and GPT on the same gel using the malic acid buffer system is described [22].
• Prospectively, serial measurements of AFP were performed in 239 patients with acetaminophen intoxication and a peak alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level above 1000 U/L [28].

Regulatory relationships of GPT

• Furthermore, mutations in HFE may influence liver function as reflected by increased alanine-aminotransferase concentrations [29].

Other interactions of GPT

• Analysis of correspondences indicated GPT, PGM1, and GLO I as the systems contributing most to differentiation within the province [30].
• The increases in bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were markedly attenuated when HGF was administered 30 min before ANIT and again at 6, 12, 24, 30, and 36 h after ANIT [31].
• The activities of GPT and LDH in the liver tumor samples that showed undetectable levels of MGMT activity were similar to those in the surrounding normal liver tissues [32].
• Among the T. cruzi strains, there were two different isozyme (possibly allozyme) types of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), fructokinase (FK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), GOT, MDH and three types of ME [33].
• Serum alanine aminotransferase is associated with serum adiponectin, C-reactive protein and apolipoprotein B in young healthy men [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of GPT

• Finally, PCR primers specific to human GPT amplify sequences contained within a "half-YAC" from the long arm of chromosome 8, that is, a YAC containing the 8q telomere [1].
• GPT typing was performed by means of horizontal starch gel electrophoresis in a Tris-histidine x HCl buffer system [21].
• Second, by fluorescence in situ hybridization, we mapped the cosmid containing the human GPT gene to chromosome band 8q24 [1].
• Agarose gel electrophoresis of human erythrocyte glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT EC 2.6.1.2) [22].
• When compared all the hepatitis cases with the controls, levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase enzymes, as well as ADA and GDA, were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.01) [35].

References