Disease relevance of Arsenal

• CONCLUSION: According to our observations, it appeared the toxic syndrome that results from a large quantity (> 100 mL) of Arsenal herbicide ingestion consists of hypotension, pulmonary dysfunction, oral mucosal and gastrointestinal irritation, and transient liver and renal dysfunction [1].
• CASE SUMMARY: A 24-year-old white male who had been ingesting a dietary supplement (Arsenal X) for 2 weeks during his workout sessions developed acute renal failure [2].
• The herbicide arsenal 250 NA, its technical-grade active ingredient imazapyr, and the surfactant nonylphenol ethoxylate (NP) were evaluated through genotoxicity and toxicity studies in different organisms [3].
• Biodegradation of imazapyr by free cells of Pseudomonas fluorescene biotype II and Bacillus cereus isolated from soil [4].
• Two bacteria were isolated from 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) contaminated soil at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey. These organisms were subsequently identified as Rhiziobium rhizogenes BL and Burkholderia sp.BL by the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH (DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures) [5].

High impact information on Arsenal

• The region was named "Chopper" to distinguish it from CD95-like death domains [6].
• Chopper triggered cell death only when bound to the plasma membrane by a lipid anchor, whereas non-anchored Chopper acted in a dominant-negative manner, blocking p75(NTR)-mediated death both in vitro and in vivo [6].
• A comparative analysis between mouse and fish erythrocyte micronuclei (MN) assays was carried out using cyclophosphamide, mitomycin C and various pesticides such as alliete, brestanid, decis 25 CE (deltamethrin), kelthane 480 CE (dicofol), roundup (glyphosate), imazapyr and thiram [7].
• Herbicides: imazapyr induced MN in T. rendalli at the maximum tolerated dose only, while roundup induced MN at three dosed levels [7].
• In this study, the enantiomeric separation of imidazolinone herbicides, i.e., imazethapyr, imazapyr, and imazaquin, was investigated using chiral HPLC [8].

Biological context of Arsenal

• The lack of statistical difference (p < 0.05) in macroinvertebrate community composition, chironomid deformity rate, and chironomid biomass between treatments suggests that imazapyr did not affect the macroinvertebrate community at the concentrations tested [9].
• The results showed that arsenal, imazapyr, and NP did not cause chromosome aberration in Allium cepa nor increase the frequency of micronuclei in mice [3].
• For the treatment of incorporation of ZJX-5 or ZJX-9 into soil, the degradation rate enhanced 3-4 fold faster than that for control samples, which showed an important value in quick decontamination of imazapyr in soil [10].

Anatomical context of Arsenal

• Single unit thresholds were measured as a function of stimulus duration for Primary-like and Chopper units in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) of the chinchilla to examine the neural correlates of temporal integration [11].
• The results suggest that little alteration in the recovery process occurs between the auditory nerve and Primarylike, Primarylike-notch, and Chopper units, but that significant changes in the recovery process occur in Pauser-Buildup and On units [12].

Associations of Arsenal with other chemical compounds

• In this study, we measure effective diffusion coefficients for trichloroethene in undisturbed soil samples taken from Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey. The measured effective diffusion coefficients ranged from 0.0053 to 0.0609 cm2/s over a range of air-filled porosity of 0.23-0.49 [13].
• A plague epizootic on the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge caused high mortality of prairie dogs on some untreated colonies, but did not appear to affect nearby colonies dusted with deltamethrin [14].
• Desorption of imazapyr and imazethapyr was nearly complete at pH 4 and higher than 60% at pH 2.8 while desorption of imazaquin was 45 and 8% at pH 4 and 2.8, respectively [15].

Gene context of Arsenal

• The role of neurotransmission and the Chopper domain in p75 neurotrophin receptor death signaling [16].
• Sensitivity of the ALS enzyme (target site) to imazapyr was lower for the R biotype (I50(R) = 4.28 x I50(S)) [17].
• Imidazolinone herbicides, imazapyr and imazaquin had similar effect on in vitro ALS activity of the R and S biotypes [18].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Arsenal

• Two imazapyr-degrading bacterial strains were isolated in enrichment culture technique and they were identified as Pseudomonas fluorescenes biotype II (ZJX-5) and Bacillus cereus (ZJX-9), respectively [10].
• Use of ELISA immunoassay kits as a complement to HPLC analysis of imazapyr and triclopyr in water samples from forest watersheds [19].

References