Disease relevance of deltamethrin

• Deltamethrin spray is effective for fly control and may be useful for reducing trachoma and diarrhoea in some situations, but further research on sustainable fly-control methods is needed [1].
• Phentolamine reduced glucagon release (IC(50) = 1.2 microm) from intact islets by 40%, an effect abolished by pertussis toxin, cyclosporin A, and deltamethrin [2].
• The combined effects on sand fly feeding and survival indicate that epidemiologic, community-based trials are warranted to test whether deltamethrin collars could reduce the incidence of canine and, hence, human leishmaniasis [3].
• Stabilization of sodium channel states by deltamethrin in mouse neuroblastoma cells [4].
• Treated animals did not recover during the time-course of the experiment (365 days after treatment); however, deltamethrin did not affect the body weight of the treated animals during the course of the study [5].

Psychiatry related information on deltamethrin

• Results from the interaction studies indicate dose-addition of the effects of picrotoxin and deltamethrin on motor activity and the ASR [6].
• Additionally, route-response (i.p., oral and s.c.), time-response (6, 24 and 48 h) and acute-chronic (24 versus 120 h) studies were conducted for the induction of chromosome aberrations by the highest dose (20 mg/kg) of deltamethrin [7].
• Avoidance behavior appears to be an innate behavior of mosquitoes, as indicated by the general avoidance response detected in all 4 species, regardless of deltamethrin susceptibility status, age, or nutritional and physiological status [8].

High impact information on deltamethrin

• FK506 (0.1 mumol/l) and another calcineurin inhibitor, deltamethrin (1 mumol/l), attenuated dexamethasone-induced cell death [9].
• Endocytotic fission pore kinetics were accelerated by Ca(2+) in both the intact cells and isolated membrane patches; however, the effect in this case was neither bimodal nor deltamethrin sensitive [10].
• Sand fly bloodfeeding and survival rate of both fed and unfed flies were significantly reduced by the permethrin, deltamethrin, and fenthion treatments, but diazinon had no effect [3].
• Deltamethrin at 10 microM elicited weak gating changes in rat skeletal muscle alpha-subunit Na(+) channels (Nav1.4) after > 30 min of perfusion [11].
• Another mutant, Nav1.4-I687M/N784K, exhibited a partial deltamethrin-resistant phenotype but was completely resistant to BTX [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of deltamethrin

• While the toxicity has been extensively examined, toxicokinetic studies of deltamethrin and most other pyrethroids are very limited [12].
• Cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin also contributed to toxicity at some locations [13].
• Cismethrin and deltamethrin produced similar dosage-dependent decreases in motor activity [14].
• Effects of prenatal exposure to deltamethrin on forced swimming behavior, motor activity, and striatal dopamine levels in male and female rats [15].
• When associated with prochloraz or difenoconazole at 850 ng/bee, deltamethrin elicited a joint hypothermia at doses that did not induce a significant effect on thermoregulation when used alone [16].

Biological context of deltamethrin

• The super-kdr mutations effectively reduce the number of deltamethrin binding sites per channel from two to one [17].
• 5. The inhibitory effect of somatostatin on exocytosis was mediated by activation of the serine/threonine protein phosphatase calcineurin and was prevented by pretreatment with cyclosporin A and deltamethrin or intracellularly applied calcineurin autoinhibitory peptide [18].
• To determine if deltamethrin-induced [Ca2+]i signaling could lead to thymic atrophy via programmed cell death, mice were treated with 25 mg deltamethrin/kg for 24 hr or the isolated thymocyte suspension was treated with 50 microM deltamethrin [5].
• These changes in channel kinetics account for the prolongation of action potential, membrane depolarization and spontaneous discharges in the deltamethrin-treated neurons [19].
• We have investigated the effects of a type II pyrethroid insecticide, deltamethrin, on changes in the protein phosphorylation pattern associated with neurotransmitter release in rat brain synaptosomal preparations [20].

Anatomical context of deltamethrin

• This effect is not due to an inhibition of calcineurin, which mediates the immunosuppressive effect of CsA, because other calcineurin inhibitors, deltamethrin and tacrolimus, did not affect the oscillations in [Ca(2+)](c) of the B-cells [21].
• Measurement of calcineurin-specific phosphatase activity in vitro demonstrated a high level of endogenous calcineurin activities in COS-7 cells, which was effectively inhibited by the addition of deltamethrin or CsA [22].
• In addition, administration of deltamethrin to rats increased the level of BDNF protein in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus [23].
• Addition of deltamethrin to D595-pretreated synaptosomes produced no significant effect on enhanced [3H]norepinephrine release from either peak [24].
• We found that deltamethrin produced atrophy in the thymus in a dose- and time-dependent fashion [5].

Associations of deltamethrin with other chemical compounds

• Sensitivity of the Drosophila para sodium channel to DDT is not lowered by the super-kdr mutation M918T on the IIS4-S5 linker that profoundly reduces sensitivity to permethrin and deltamethrin [25].
• [3H]Ro5-4864 saturation isotherms performed in the presence of fixed concentrations of deltamethrin or cismethrin showed that these pyrethroids increased the observed Kd values for [3H]Ro5-4864 with no change in the maximum number of binding sites [26].
• In perfused vagus nerve from the rat, the amplitude of the post-tetanic hyperpolarization was significantly increased (100%) by deltamethrin both in vitro and ex vivo but not by cismethrin or solvent [27].
• It was found that all insecticidal Type II pyrethroids (cypermethrin, deltamethrin and fenvalerate) are potent inhibitors of isolated calcineurin from bovine brain [28].
• These results suggest that the deltamethrin and tetramethrin share a binding site on the sodium channel and that the slow onset and offset of deltamethrin action are controlled by the rates at which deltamethrin moves and unbinds from the membrane lipid phase rather than by the rate of deltamethrin binding to the sodium channel site [19].

Gene context of deltamethrin

• Oral administration of deltamethrin (5 mg/kgx7 or 15 or 21 days) was found to produce a time-dependent increase in the mRNA expression of xenobiotic metabolizing cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), 1A2 and CYP2B1, 2B2 isoenzymes in rat brain [29].
• The combination of DDT and deltamethrin resistance in two strains with normal GST and G6PD characteristics suggests that a kdr-type nerve insensitivity mechanism may be involved [30].
• GSH-Px, Cu-Zn SOD and catalase activities in erythrocytes were decreased at high doses of deltamethrin, especially at the high dose (7.5 mg/kg) deltamethrin group [31].
• Western blot analysis demonstrated that p53 and Bax expression were dramatically increased at the same time points, whereas Bcl-2 expression was significantly reduced at all time points after deltamethrin treatment [32].
• CYP1A2, CYP1A1, and CYP2C11 in decreasing order of importance quantitatively, metabolized deltamethrin [12].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of deltamethrin

• Whole cell recording showed that deltamethrin prolonged sodium currents in neuroblastoma cells by several orders of magnitude [4].
• Finally, considering reports about the genotoxicity of deltamethrin, we assessed DNA damage in children before and 24 hr after indoor spraying of deltamethrin; we found no differences in the comet assay end points [33].
• The inferred presence of kdr-type resistance in the four E4 clones was subsequently confirmed by bioassays that showed this to be the primary mechanism of resistance to deltamethrin and DDT, although the esterase-based mechanism also contributes to the overall level of deltamethrin resistance [34].
• Separation and identification of enantiomers by high-performance liquid chromatography with a chiral column and a polarimetric detector as applied to deltamethrin [35].
• RT-PCR analysis revealed dose-dependent increase in the mRNA expression of cerebral and hepatic CYP1A1, 1A2, 2B1, 2B2, and 2E1 isoenzymes in the offsprings exposed prenatally to deltamethrin [36].

References