Disease relevance of Allium

• We used the anti-sTNF-R antibodies and purified polyreactive antibodies to mannose-specific lectin from garlic (Allium sativum) for screening a peptide library displayed on filamentous M13 phage [1].
• It has been reported that p.o. administration of diallyl sulfide (DAS), a naturally occurring component of garlic (Allium sativum), inhibits 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon and liver cancer in rodents [2].
• Diallyl sulfide, a flavor component of garlic (Allium sativum), inhibits dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer [3].
• We investigated cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis by onion oil extracted from Allium cepa, a widely consumed Allium vegetable, in human lung cancer A549 cells [4].
• In a preliminary assay, 0.1-20 mug/ml quercetin produced no toxicity or clastogenic activity in the Allium cepa test [5].

High impact information on Allium

• Actin in the preprophase band of Allium cepa [6].
• A translational fusion between OBP3 and green fluorescent protein is nuclear localized in onion (Allium cepa) cells [7].
• Garlic belongs to the Allium family of plants that produce organosulfur compounds, such as allicin and diallyl disulfide (DADS), which account for their pungency and spicy aroma [8].
• Synaptonemal complex spreading in Allium ursinum: pericentric asynapsis and axial thickenings [9].
• A green fluorescent protein-JAC1 fusion protein showed a similar localization pattern to green fluorescent protein alone in a transient expression assay using Arabidopsis mesophyll cells and onion (Allium cepa) epidermal cells, suggesting that the JAC1 protein may be a soluble cytosolic protein [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Allium

• Chromosomal aberrations and SCEs in Allium cepa root-tip cells treated with caffeine and pyronin Y [11].
• The mutagenicity spectra of ziram, thiram, zineb S-65 and ETU were determined by employing a battery of test systems included the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium (strains TA98, TA100, TA102, TA104, TA1535, TA1538), the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain D61.M) and the shallot Allium ascalonicum somatic cells [12].
• Allitridin (diallyl trisulfide), a main effective compound of Allium sativum (garlic), was previously shown to inhibit the expression of immediate-early antigens and viral proliferation of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in vitro [13].
• Considering that oxygen toxicity and the related free radical attack are involved in many pathophysiological conditions, and that Allium sativum (ASP) has been used therapeutically for many of them since antiquity, we examined the intervention of ASP and alliin in free radical processes [14].
• Reduced nociceptive responses in mice with alloxan induced hyperglycemia after garlic (Allium sativum Linn.) treatment [15].

Biological context of Allium

• The relevant observational evidence would be consistent with the view that the chromatin-containing lacunar regions of the reforming nucleolus in Allium cepa correspond, in fact, to cross- or oblique sections of a meandering channel through which the nucleolar organizing segment of the nucleolar chromosome passes [16].
• Numerous vesicles were observed among the microtubules of the "preprophase" band in prophase cells from root tips of Allium cepa [17].
• Telomere associations in interphase nuclei of Allium cepa demonstrated by C-banding [18].
• This enzyme activity has been studied in cellular extracts from Allium cepa root meristem cells with two specific aims: (i) to determine how the properties of the plant enzyme compare with those of dUTPase purified from other sources, and (ii) to analyze the relationship between dUTPase activity and cell proliferation and cell differentiation [19].
• Nucleolar organizer expression in Allium cepa L. chromosomes [20].

• Cultivation of some wild species such as A. flavum L., A. schoenoprasum L. and A. ursinum L. could be conducted in the future in order to produce Allium species with high antioxidant capacity in leaves and bulbs. (http://www.springerlink.com/content/7318018r85ll8152/?p=935ee97c826149a39b)

Anatomical context of Allium

• After pulse-chase experiments with glycerol and acetate, plastids of leek (Allium porrum L.) seedlings were purified [21].
• The synaptonemal complex is illustrated in electron micrographs from pollen mother cells (p.m.cs) of the following plants: Fritillaria lanceolata, Allium fistulosum, Tulbaghia violacea, Luzula purpurea, Phaedranassa viridiflora and the tulip cultivar Keiserkroon [22].
• The use of osmium tetroxide fixation followed by postreatment with p-phenylenediamine gives an opportunity of locating the synaptonemal complex (SC) under the light microscope in mouse testes and Allium cepa anthers [23].
• Xyloglucans were isolated from the 24% KOH-soluble fraction of the cell walls of bulbs of onion (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativum) and their hybrid [24].
• Frequencies of plasmodesmata in Allium cepa L. roots: implications for solute transport pathways [25].

Associations of Allium with chemical compounds

• The mannose-binding Allium sativum (garlic) leaf lectin has been found to be a potent control agent of L. erysimi [26].
• Meristematic cells from Allium cepa L. roots can attain a steady state of growth in the presence of anisomycin at concentrations that effectively reduce the rate of protein synthesis [27].
• Bioactive S-alk(en)yl cysteine sulfoxide metabolites in the genus Allium: the chemistry of potential therapeutic agents [28].
• Identification and immunologic characterization of an allergen, alliin lyase, from garlic (Allium sativum) [29].
• Depending on the Allium species, and under differing conditions, thiosulfinates can decompose to form additional sulfur constituents including diallyl, methyl allyl, and diethyl mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexasulfides, the vinyldithiins and (E)- and (Z)-ajoene [28].

Gene context of Allium

• The influence of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on interleukin 1alpha-induced expression of endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [30].
• Effects of garlic (Allium sativum L.) supplementation on cytochrome P450 2D6 and 3A4 activity in healthy volunteers [31].
• Consumption of allium vegetables was not associated with GST enzyme activity, but negatively with GSTP1-1 levels [difference between high and low consumption: -23.3%, 95% CI = (-35.5; -8.6)] [32].
• We have previously cloned a cDNA, designated SAT1, corresponding to a gene coding for a serine acetyltransferase (SAT) from onion (Allium cepa L.). The SAT1 locus was mapped to chromosome 7 of onion using a single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) in the 3' UTR of the gene [33].
• Molecular and biochemical characterisation of a serine acetyltransferase of onion, Allium cepa (L.) [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Allium

• Molecular cloning and functional characterization of cDNAs encoding cysteine synthase and serine acetyltransferase that may be responsible for high cellular cysteine content in Allium tuberosum [34].
• The pharmacokinetic behaviour of vinyldithiins, the main constituents of oily preparations of garlic (Allium sativum L.), was investigated after oral administration of 27 mg 2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiin and 9 mg 3-vinyl-4H-1,2-dithiin to rats [35].
• Wastewater sludges were analysed in the Allium cepa genotoxicity test [36].
• Development of a disposable pyruvate biosensor to determine pungency in onions (Allium cepa L.) [37].
• The ion microscope, based on secondary ion mass spectrometry, has been used to demonstrate the distribution of calcium in the root tip cells of two plant species, Allium cepa and Vicia faba [38].

References