Disease relevance of (6R,7R)-7-[[(2E)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(1-carboxy-1-methyl-ethoxy)imino-acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-(1-pyridylmethyl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid

• The antibiotic-induced endotoxin (CAZ-endotoxin) was prepared from the culture filtrate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 exposed to ceftazidime (CAZ) [1].
• Klebsiella pneumoniae NEM865 was isolated from the culture of a stool sample from a patient previously treated with ceftazidime (CAZ) [2].
• CONCLUSIONS: CD04 and CD02 discs were the best combination for detection of ESBLs in our collection of Enterobacteriaceae isolates, including E. aerogenes [3].
• RESULTS: In Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp., the sensitivities (%)/specificities (%) of CD02, CD03 and CD04 discs, and the combination of CD02 or CD04 discs, were, respectively, 88/92, 90/92, 95/84 and 100/82, while the corresponding figures were 94/100, 4/100, 94/100 and 100/100 in Enterobacter aerogenes [3].
• Acinetobacter baumannii strains resistant to both imipenem (IPM) and ceftazidime (CAZ) were isolated from 1994 through 1996 at Gunma University Hospital. Nine isolates from different inpatients were examined for carbapenem-hydrolyzing activity and for the carbapemase gene bla(IMP) by the PCR method [4].

High impact information on (6R,7R)-7-[[(2E)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(1-carboxy-1-methyl-ethoxy)imino-acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-(1-pyridylmethyl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid

• Treatment with CAZ caused death of the D-GalN-sensitized P. aeruginosa PAO-infected mice within 48 h, while injection with CAP18(109-135) rescued the mice from death [1].
• In the mice rescued from death by injection with CAP18(109-135), endotoxin levels in plasma and TNF production by liver tissues were decreased but the numbers of viable infecting bacteria in their blood were not decreased significantly and remained at the levels in CAZ-treated mice [1].
• A synergistic effect with CTX, CAZ, and ATM was detected for 1.5% of all strains, mainly those of Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.3%) [5].
• For IMP-1-producing strains, the growth-inhibitory zone between the two disks expanded, while no evident change in the shape of the growth-inhibitory zone was observed for CAZ-resistant strains producing serine beta-lactamases such as AmpC or SHV-12 [6].
• The amino acid sequence of TEM-5, which confers higher levels of resistance to Caz than to other recently developed cephalosporins, differed from that of TEM-1 by three mutations distinct from those of TEM-4 [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of (6R,7R)-7-[[(2E)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(1-carboxy-1-methyl-ethoxy)imino-acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-(1-pyridylmethyl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid

• In P. aeruginosa bacteremia, resistance rates to piperacillin (PIP), ceftazidime (CAZ), ciprofloxacin (CIP), and imipenem (IPM) were 29 (56/190), 19 (36/190), 17 (32/190) and 15% (28/190), respectively [8].
• The bactericidal activity of CFLP against E. coli was almost equal to those of CAZ and CTX [9].
• Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the carbapenems, with the exception of panipenem showed strong antimicrobial activities compared to PIPC and CTAZ [10].
• CP6679 (1s) showed more potent antibacterial activity than ceftazidime (CAZ) or cefpirome (CPR) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and MRSA [11].
• The amount of endotoxin liberated by Ami was much smaller than with Cfz and Ofl therapy, which makes it an appropriate agent for the treatment of sepsis [12].

Biological context of (6R,7R)-7-[[(2E)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(1-carboxy-1-methyl-ethoxy)imino-acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-(1-pyridylmethyl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid

• Resistance to ceftazidime (CAZ) predicted bla(TEM-1) genotype with 63.6% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 55.6% positive predictive value (PPV) and 0% negative predictive value (NPV) [13].

Anatomical context of (6R,7R)-7-[[(2E)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(1-carboxy-1-methyl-ethoxy)imino-acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-(1-pyridylmethyl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid

• The examination of 500 micrograms/ml CEF-treated cultures revealed a stroma that appeared empty, with modest reduction in total stromal counts, and significant decreases in fat-containing and endothelial cells [14].

Associations of (6R,7R)-7-[[(2E)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(1-carboxy-1-methyl-ethoxy)imino-acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-(1-pyridylmethyl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid with other chemical compounds

• Analysis of the location of the mutations in the primary and tertiary structures of class A beta-lactamases suggests that interactions between the substituted residues and beta-lactam antibiotics non-hydrolysable by TEM-1 and TEM-2 allow TEM-4 and TEM-5 to hydrolyse efficiently novel broad-spectrum cephalosporins such as Ctx and Caz [7].
• In five patients (14%), the skin tests were positive to CE and in none to CEF [15].
• All the strains of MRSA and MSSA showed a low sensitivity to imipenem (IPM), ceftazidime (CAZ), flomoxef (FMOX), amikacin (AMK), ciprofloxacin (CPFX) and ofloxacin (OFLX) [16].
• Among the latter group, the 5,6-dihydroxybenzimidazole derivative (6e) and the 2,6-dihydro-7-hydroxy-6-oxo- isoquinoline derivative (6b) showed much higher activity than ceftazidime (CAZ) and imipenem (IPM) against P. aeruginosa A9843A both in in vitro and in vivo studies [17].
• Therefore, antibiotic susceptibilities to CAZ, SXT, and GM can be utilized clinically to detect critical genotypes in A. baumannii [13].

Gene context of (6R,7R)-7-[[(2E)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(1-carboxy-1-methyl-ethoxy)imino-acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-(1-pyridylmethyl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid

• The addition of 500 mg/ml (=915 microM) CEF to the culture caused a dose-dependent suppression of CSA and IL-6 supernatant concentrations and IL-6 and M-CSF mRNA expression [18].
• Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases were detected by the synergistic effect of the combination of clavulanic acid-amoxicillin with CTX, CAZ, and ATM in the double-diffusion test [5].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of (6R,7R)-7-[[(2E)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(1-carboxy-1-methyl-ethoxy)imino-acetyl]amino]-8-oxo-3-(1-pyridylmethyl)-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid

• In present work a simple validated HPLC method utilizing isocratic mobile phase and having short retention times for CX and CZ is developed which can be used to monitor their concentrations in Kreb's Ringer Bicarbonate (KRB) solution in in vitro intestinal sac absorption model [19].
• One month after TURP, a positive urinary culture was detected in 14% of the patients in the CF group and in 18% of the CT group [20].
• On removal of the indwelling catheter, a positive urinary culture was detected in 6% of the patients in the CF group and in 3% in the CT group [20].
• Agar dilution and broth dilution methods were used to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ceftazidime (CAZ) and cefotaxime (CTX) [21].

References