Disease relevance of Ginsenoside rb1

• Following a ginsenoside-Rb1-hydrolyzing activity assay, Prevotella oris strains were then isolated as a major bacterial species possessing the potential [1].
• Ginsenoside-Rb1 acts as a weak phytoestrogen in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells [2].
• Effect of ginsenoside-Rb1 on cardiomyocyte apoptosis after ischemia and reperfusion in rats [3].

High impact information on Ginsenoside rb1

• Ginsenoside-Rb1 from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer activates estrogen receptor-alpha and -beta, independent of ligand binding [4].
• The suppressive activity of ginsenoside-Rb1 was characterized using COX-2 promoter-driven luciferase reporter plasmids in a transient transfection system [5].
• In conclusion, ginsenoside-Rb1 inhibits TPA-induced COX-2 promoter activity through the nuclear factor interleukin-6 binding site and not through the nuclear factor-kappaB or cAMP-responsive elements [5].
• However, the effects were abolished when the nuclear factor-interleukin-6 binding site was mutated, indicating that ginsenoside-Rb1 exerts its effects via this element [5].
• We studied the inhibitory effects of ginsenoside-Rb1 (1) on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced transcriptional activation of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) promoter [5].

Biological context of Ginsenoside rb1

• The activity of ginsenoside-Rb1 was characterized in a transient transfection system, using estrogen receptor isoforms and estrogen-responsive luciferase plasmids, in COS monkey kidney cells [4].
• Ginsenoside-Rb1 at 100 microM inhibited TPA-induced transcriptional activation of the COX-2 promoter [5].
• The concentration of each component required for 50% inhibition of cell growth of PLC/PRF/5 cells was as follows: saikosaponin-d, baicalin, 20 micrograms/ml; saikosaponin-a, baicalein, 50 micrograms/ml; saikosaponin-b2, -c, ginsenoside-Rb1, -Rg1, glycyrrhizin, > 1000 micrograms/ml [6].
• Three compounds, A, B and C, were isolated from the reaction mixture on hydrolysis of ginsenoside-Rb1, Rb2 and Rc with 50% aqacetic acid [7].

Anatomical context of Ginsenoside rb1

• Studies on absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of ginseng saponins. VII. Comparison of the decomposition modes of ginsenoside-Rb1 and -Rb2 in the digestive tract of rats [8].
• NGF alone exerted no effect on both neurons, although it did potentiate the GRb1 effect on chick embryonic cerebral cortex neurons, but did not alter the GRb1 effect on rat embryonic cerebral cortex neurons [9].
• GRb1-m (30 microM) significantly potentiated this NGF-induced neurite outgrowth with similar potency to that of GRb1 (30 microM) [10].
• The NO production from rIFN gamma plus LPS-treated macrophages was markedly reduced by ginsenoside-Rh1 or Rh2 in a dose dependent manner, but had no inhibitory effects by ginsenoside-Rb1, Rc or Re [11].
• A. Meyer (Araliaceae) on neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth were compared with those of ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) using organ culture of chick embryonic dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and cell culture of DRG neurons [10].

Associations of Ginsenoside rb1 with other chemical compounds

• Administration of ginsenoside-Rb1 resulted in a lower testosterone response to GnRH challenge or swimming exercise as compared with saline-treated rats [12].
• They were intravenously injected with ginsenoside-Rb1 (10 microg/kg) or saline at 15 min prior to a challenge of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or 10 min-swim [12].

Gene context of Ginsenoside rb1

• We have examined the possibility that a component of Panax ginseng, ginsenoside-Rb1, acts by binding to estrogen receptor [2].
• Dose-response experiments revealed that ginsenoside-Rb1 was the most active compound and it completely blocked PTK activation at a wide range of concentrations [13].
• Ginsenoside-Rb1, Rc, Re and Rg, inhibited the TH activity by 51.5, 25.4, 31.3, 44.3 and 43.3%, respectively, at a concentration of 80 microg/ml [14].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ginsenoside rb1

• Blood samples were collected at several time intervals following intravenous injection of ginsenoside-Rb1 [12].
• Neither GRb1-m nor GRb1 (1-30 microM) changed the prolongation effect of NGF, nor did NGF show a significant effect on the neurite elongation and re-elongation after axotomy by laser beam irradiation [10].

References