Disease relevance of Torbafylline

• Effects of torbafylline on muscle atrophy: prevention and recovery [1].
• Torbafylline might thus prove effective in stimulating muscle regeneration in myopathy [2].
• These data indicate a possible role for torbafylline as an adjunct to exercise therapy for chronic muscle ischemia [3].
• Torbafylline treatment had little further effect on ischemic muscles subjected to mild stimulation, which on its own improved functional hyperemia, resistance to fatigue, and the capillaries per fibre ratio in tibialis anterior, although it did significantly increase the capillary per fibre ratio in extensor digitorum longus [3].
• The effects of torbafylline [7-ethoxymethyl-1-(5-hydroxy-5-methylhexyl)3-methylxanthine] on the above parameters were studied after chronic oral gavage (25 mg/kg body weight per day); treatment started the day after surgery and the last drug application was performed the day of the final experiments [4].

High impact information on Torbafylline

• Torbafylline (HWA 448) inhibits enhanced skeletal muscle ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent proteolysis in cancer and septic rats [5].
• Pentoxifylline and two derivatives (HWA-448 [torbafylline] and HWA-138 [albifylline]) increased the uptake of these antibiotics by PMNs, both in the resting state and during phagocytosis [6].
• The aim of this study was to quantify and compare the effects of three methylxanthine derivatives: pentoxifylline (PX), torbafylline (TB), and HWA 138 (HW) on tumor perfusion and oxygenation [7].
• Exercise tolerance of rats fed pentoxifylline (34 +/- 1.3 mg/kg/day) or an analog (torbafylline; 34 +/- 2.3 mg/kg/day) increased more (P less than .001) than control rats in the third week of treatment [8].
• Torbafylline significantly ameliorated the decreased skeletal muscle blood flow, red cell flux and surface pO2 after acute occlusion of the femoral artery, with more pronounced effects on the microcirculatory parameters, the laser-Doppler flux and pO2 [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Torbafylline

• To investigate the role of leukocytes in the experimental nephrotic syndrome model, the effects of two methylxanthines, pentoxifylline (45 mg/kg i.p. twice daily) and torbafylline (5 mg/kg i.p. twice daily) were compared with controls over a 2-week period [10].

Biological context of Torbafylline

• Modification of cisplatin-induced renal p-aminohippurate uptake alteration and lipid peroxidation by thiols, Ginkgo biloba extract, deferoxamine and torbafylline [11].
• Correlation of function and energy metabolism in rat ischemic skeletal muscle by 31P-NMR spectroscopy: effects of torbafylline [4].
• 4. Whilst having little effect on oxidative enzyme activity of fast muscles, torbafylline decreased the activity of CS but increased activity of HAD in soleus, suggesting a greater reliance on lipid metabolism [12].
• Chronic oral administration of torbafylline for one week, started one week post-ligation, resulted in a similar response of the arterioles to muscle contractions as in control muscles and marginally improved the heterogeneity of flow [13].
• Collateral circulation in skeletal muscles: effect of pentoxifylline and torbafylline [14].

Anatomical context of Torbafylline

• Most notably, torbafylline significantly reduced the degree of capillary endothelial cell swelling [3].
• The effects of torbafylline on the prevention of and the recovery from 5 weeks of hindlimb suspension induced atrophy were analyzed in rat soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles [1].
• 5. The effect of arterial ligation on enzyme activity was ameliorated by treatment with torbafylline, possibly due to its effect on the microcirculation [12].
• Administration of torbafylline reduced the proportion of swollen capillaries to 37.8 +/- 6.1.45% (p < 0.02 vs. SL) in ischaemic muscles, and to 26.2 +/- 2.1% (p < 0.001) in papillary muscle, with a smaller effect in the contralateral EDL and the diaphragm [15].

Associations of Torbafylline with other chemical compounds

• Effects of torbafylline, pentoxifylline and buflomedil on vascularisation and fibre type of rat skeletal muscles subjected to limited blood supply [16].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Torbafylline

• 3. The percentage of glycolytic fibres was not changed by ligation, but it decreased significantly in animals treated with torbafylline [16].

References