Disease relevance of Tetramethyldiaminotriphenylmethane

• Malachite green (MG), a triphenylmethane dye used to treat fungal and protozoan infections in fish, undergoes sequential oxidation to produce various N-demethylated derivatives (monodes-, dides(sym)-, dides(unsym)-, trides-, and tetrades-) both before and after reduction to leucomalachite green (LMG) [1].
• Intestinal microfloras from human, rat, mouse, and monkey fecal samples and 14 pure cultures of anaerobic bacteria representative of those found in the human gastrointestinal tract metabolized the triphenylmethane dye malachite green to leucomalachite green [2].
• Preliminary results indicate an increasing dose trend in lung adenomas in male rats treated with leucomalachite green, but no increase in the incidence of liver tumors in either sex of rat [3].
• Rats fed malachite green chloride or leucomalachite green had dose-dependent reductions in body weight; in mice, there were no consistent effects upon body weights with either compound [4].
• Leucomalachite green was less toxic than MG to Salmonella typhimurium and did not have mutagenic activity in the Ames' test for doses up to 2000 microg per plate [5].

High impact information on Tetramethyldiaminotriphenylmethane

• Mechanism for inhibition of thyroid peroxidase by leucomalachite green [6].
• Genotoxicity of malachite green and leucomalachite green in female Big Blue B6C3F1 mice [7].
• The lack of increased micronucleus frequencies and lymphocyte Hprt mutants in female mice treated with leucomalachite green suggests that its genotoxicity is targeted to the tissue at risk for tumor induction [7].
• Analysis of mutations and bone marrow micronuclei in Big Blue rats fed leucomalachite green [8].
• Liquid chromatographic methods are presented for the quantitative and confirmatory determination of malachite green (MG) and leucomalachite green (LMG) for channel catfish, rainbow trout, tilapia, basa, Atlantic salmon, and tiger shrimp [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Tetramethyldiaminotriphenylmethane

• Toxicity and metabolism of malachite green and leucomalachite green during short-term feeding to Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice [10].

Biological context of Tetramethyldiaminotriphenylmethane

• Apoptosis in the transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder occurred in all mice fed the highest dose of leucomalachite green [10].

Anatomical context of Tetramethyldiaminotriphenylmethane

• Rats given leucomalachite green also had apoptotic thyroid follicular epithelial cells [10].
• Hepatocyte vacuolization was present in rats administered malachite green or leucomalachite green [10].
• In male rats fed leucomalachite green there was a decreasing trend in pituitary gland adenoma and an increasing trend in interstitial cell adenoma of the testis [4].
• Genetic toxicity studies for leucomalachite green were conducted in vivo in mouse peripheral blood erythrocytes [11].
• Effects of malachite green (MG) and its major metabolite, leucomalachite green (LMG), in two human cell lines [12].

Associations of Tetramethyldiaminotriphenylmethane with other chemical compounds

• Confirmatory analysis of malachite green, leucomalachite green, crystal violet and leucocrystal violet in salmon by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [13].

Gene context of Tetramethyldiaminotriphenylmethane

• Likewise, gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in male rats exposed to 1,160 ppm leucomalachite green was twice that in the controls [11].
• The frequency of micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes in peripheral blood was significantly increased in female mice exposed to leucomalachite green in feed for 28 days; no significant increases in micronucleus frequencies were observed in the polychromatic erythrocyte population [11].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Tetramethyldiaminotriphenylmethane

• We also conducted 2-year tumorigenesis bioassays in female and male F344 rats using 0, 91, 272, and 543 ppm leucomalachite green [3].
• A rapid HPLC method with solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean-up for malachite green (MG) and leucomalachite green (LMG) in eel plasma was developed [14].
• A liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method was developed to quantitate and confirm residues of leucomalachite green (LMG) in salmon tissue after their conversion to chromic malachite green (MG) in the extraction process [15].
• In the leucomalachite green study, the relative liver weights of 290 ppm or greater male rats were significantly greater than those of the control group [11].

References