Disease relevance of Malachite

• Materials with immobilized A.T-specific malachite green or G.C-specific phenyl neutral red were used for base-pair-specific fractionation of sheared DNA from bacterial sources, as well as of higher molecular weight Calf thymus DNA or defined fragments of coliphage lambda DNA [1].
• Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, Mycobacterium marinum, and Mycobacterium chelonae tolerate high concentrations of the dyes malachite green and crystal violet [2].
• The ultrastructure of the organic matrix of demineralized urinary stones was examined by standard transmission and scanning electron microscopy as well as after malachite green-glutaraldehyde fixation [3].
• Female and male B6C3F1 mice and Fischer 344 rats were fed up to 1200 ppm malachite green or 1160 ppm leucomalachite green for 28 days to determine the toxicity and metabolism of the dyes [4].
• Malachite green therapy of proliferative kidney disease in rainbow trout: field trials [5].

High impact information on Malachite

• To establish whether these viral proteins were dual specificity protein phosphatases, the CAV GST-VP2 and TLMV GST-ORF2 fusion proteins were also assayed for serine/threonine phosphatase (S/T PPase) activity using the generalized peptide substrate RRApTVA, with free phosphate detected using the malachite green colorimetric assay [6].
• PHB granules with distinct membranes were detected by electron microscopy after fixation and staining of V. harveyi cells with malachite green [7].
• We examined the effect of ROS on SHP-2 in cardiac fibroblasts using a modified malachite green phosphatase assay [8].
• Nuclei derived from normal mucosal epithelium and tumors were analyzed for phosphotyrosyl protein phosphatase activity using the malachite green assay and a synthetic phosphotyrosyl peptide based on the sequence of cdc2, a known cdc25A phosphotyrosyl protein substrate [9].
• Dose-response effects of malachite green on free radical formation, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in Syrian hamster embryo cells and their modulation by antioxidants [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Malachite

• There were no treatment-related neoplasms in female B6C3F1 mice fed malachite green chloride [11].
• Growth of Salmonella enterica was studied in model mixed cultures with Citrobacter freundii or Escherichia coli in buffered peptone water (BPW) and in Rappaport-Vassiliadis medium with soya (RVS) with modified concentrations of MgCl2 and malachite green, and at modified incubation temperatures [12].

Biological context of Malachite

• 2. The extent of ATP hydrolysis was determined by an improved Malachite Green method for determination of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the presence of a large excess of ATP [13].
• Biotransformation of malachite green by the fungus Cunninghamella elegans [14].
• Analysis of malachite green and metabolites in fish using liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry [15].
• Cell division of thymus lymphoid cells from 15- to 19-day-old embryonic mice, as well as from 2- and 7-day-old mice was investigated on cell smears stained with Giemsa or with the Feulgen reaction followed with malachite green [16].
• This paper explores advantages of using ND-APCI for the determination and confirmation of drug residues that might be found in food matrices, including malachite green residues in fish tissue and avermectin residues in milk [17].

Anatomical context of Malachite

• Combined use of malachite green fixation and PLA2-gold complex technique to localize phospholipids in areas of early calcification of rat epiphyseal cartilage and bone [18].
• Developing rat incisors were treated with malachite green-aldehyde fixative solution (MGA), which retains and stains lipids [19].
• Lipid detection by malachite green-aldehyde in the dental basement membrane in the rat incisor [19].
• Rapid-freezing and malachite green-acrolein-osmium tetroxide freeze-substitution fixation improve visualization of extracellular lipids in rat incisor pre-dentin and dentin [20].
• Accumulation, nature, and possible functions of the malachite green affinity material in ejaculated human spermatozoa [21].

Associations of Malachite with other chemical compounds

• The reduction of malachite green to the leuco derivative suggests that intestinal microflora could play an important role in the metabolic activation of the triphenylmethane dye to a potential carcinogen [22].
• Determination of malachite green and leucomalachite green in carp muscle by liquid chromatography with visible and fluorescence detection [23].
• Using this material as photocatalyst, a series of dye pollutants, such as rhodamine B, malachite green, rhodamine 6G, fuchsin basic, and methyl violet, were efficiently degraded in the presence of H202 under visible light irradiation (lambda > 420 nm) [24].
• Ichthyobodo necator, Chilodonella hexasticha and Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infections were treated with formalin, salt and malachite green-formalin baths, respectively, whenever any parasites were found [25].
• The nature of these malachite green-positive strands was further examined by counterstaining thin sections with uranyl-lead, and they were identified as 4.5-5-nm wide ribbon-like "double tracks" previously characterized as the form taken by heparan sulfate proteoglycan in basement membranes [26].

Gene context of Malachite

• A malachite green binding motif, defined by an asymmetric internal loop flanked by short RNA helices, was inserted immediately upstream of the CLB2 start codon [27].
• For all dyes the inhibition was best characterised as non-competitive. hGSTP 1-1 was not inhibited by Crystal Violet or by Ethyl Violet but was strongly inhibited by Malachite Green (Ki = 0.3 microM) [28].
• This paper describes the development of a new, malachite green based, enzymatic assay for the identification of specific inhibitors of inorganic pyrophosphatase (iPPase) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae for antifungal drug discovery [29].
• DNA damage and G2/M arrest in Syrian hamster embryo cells during Malachite green exposure are associated with elevated phosphorylation of ERK1 and JNK1 [30].
• PTEN activity was determined using the Malachite Green assay basing upon dephosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) by the PTEN enzyme and subsequent determination of inorganic phosphate released [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Malachite

• Myosin ATPase activities determined by the HPLC method were almost identical to those determined by the malachite green method, a widely used spectrophotometric method with range of detection from 1 to 8 nmol of phosphate [32].
• Specimens were examined using light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), with standard processing protocols plus a malachite green-glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide (MGO) method, used to retain lipids normally removed from tissues during preparation for electron microscopy [33].
• Malachite green-conjugated microtubules as mobile bioprobes selective for malachite green aptamers with capturing/releasing ability [34].
• CD73 activity was measurement using a malachite green method and RT-PCR was used to analyze enzyme expression [35].
• Muscle samples analyzed by sample oxidation and scintillation counting contained 1.3 and 0.5 microgram/g total malachite green chloride residues immediately after exposure and after a 5-day withdrawal period, respectively [36].

References