Disease relevance of Bacteria, Anaerobic

• These enzymes are formate dehydrogenases of Escherichia coli and several anaerobic bacteria, clostridial glycine reductase, mammalian and avian glutathione peroxidase, and nicotinic acid hydroxylase of Clostridium barkeri [1].
• On the other hand, pretreatment with metronidazole, an antimicrobial primarily active against anaerobic bacteria, prevented carrageenan-induced colitis in a majority of animals [2].
• However, the fabA and fabB genes are found only in the Gram-negative alpha- and gamma-proteobacteria, and thus other anaerobic bacteria must synthesize these acids using different enzymes [3].
• The efficacy of ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid was compared with that of certain broad-spectrum antibiotics such as ticarcillin, azlocillin, and piperacillin against blood culture isolates of aerobic bacteria obtained from seriously ill patients and anaerobic bacteria obtained from other miscellaneous infections [4].
• Octreotide induced prolongation of colonic transit increases faecal anaerobic bacteria, bile acid metabolising enzymes, and serum deoxycholic acid in patients with acromegaly [5].

High impact information on Bacteria, Anaerobic

• A methylnickel intermediate in a bimetallic mechanism of acetyl-coenzyme A synthesis by anaerobic bacteria [6].
• These data demonstrate the discrepancies between surface and core cultures in the isolation of anaerobic bacteria, and raise the question whether surface cultures can accurately predict the presence of beta-lactamase-producing organisms or other pathogens in the recurrently infected tonsil [7].
• Erythromycin has been reported to be active in vitro against most anaerobic bacteria [8].
• These data indicate that penicillin G is the preferred agent for pulmonary infections involving anaerobic bacteria [9].
• Metronidazole, an antibiotic with specific activity against anaerobic bacteria, was of clinical and biochemical benefit in two patients with methylmalonic aciduria [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Bacteria, Anaerobic

• Colonocytes may be important in oxidizing nitrite to nitrate, thus preventing excess nitrite from entering into the circulation and returning some nitrate to the colonic lumen for respiration by anaerobic bacteria [11].
• Influence of high luminal PO2 on the anaerobic bacteria of the rat colon [12].
• Digoxin is metabolized to cardioinactive reduced metabolites (digoxin reduction products) in some patients by anaerobic bacteria present in the gut flora [13].
• Minocycline has proved to have a wider spectrum of activity against both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and has enhanced tissue penetration when compared with its tetracycline congeners [14].
• The cloned genes should be useful as probes to identify benzoate degradation genes from other metabolically distinct groups of anaerobic bacteria, such as denitrifying bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria [15].

Biological context of Bacteria, Anaerobic

• The anaerobic bacteria examined can express the degradative enzymes constitutively, if the sulfonate is being utilized as a carbon source, but enzyme induction has also been observed [16].
• The ability of some anaerobic bacteria to conserve energy via a soluble substrate level phosphorylation system by reducing glycine to acetyl-phosphate has been an intriguing mechanism for about half a century [17].
• The genes encoding both subunits have been cloned previously and are located within a gene cluster that includes other genes required for CO2 fixation by anaerobic bacteria [18].
• Polymicrobial early postpartum endometritis with facultative and anaerobic bacteria, genital mycoplasmas, and Chlamydia trachomatis: treatment with piperacillin or cefoxitin [19].
• Conventional methods used for determining esculin hydrolysis by anaerobic bacteria require 24 to 48 h for completion [20].

Anatomical context of Bacteria, Anaerobic

• Previous studies have shown that anaerobic bacteria are susceptible to norfloxacin at the levels attained in the feces [21].
• A novel host defence mechanism was recently proposed, suggesting that the formation of salivary nitrite in symbiosis with facultative anaerobic bacteria in the oropharynx, is aimed at enhancing the antimicrobial activity of gastric juice [22].
• The metabolism of a benzidine-based dye, Direct Black 38, a 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine-based dye, Direct Red 2 and a 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine-based dye, Direct Blue 15 has been studied both in pure cultures of anaerobic bacteria and in bacterial suspensions derived from the intestinal contents of the rat [23].
• Erythromycin decreased the aerobic bacteria in the oropharynx and both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in the colon [24].
• Feeding FLF to pigs also led to a reduction in the large intestine of the total counts of anaerobic bacteria in general and lactic acid bacteria specifically, as well as of microbial activity, as determined by the concentration of ATP and short-chain fatty acids [25].

Gene context of Bacteria, Anaerobic

• All of these patients failed to respond to antimicrobial therapy, including penicillins, that was administered to 148 (80%) of them. beta-Lactamase-producing aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were detected in 75 (40.5%) of the 185 children [26].
• Here we report more details on one of the genes identified, a hemN-like gene (now called hemN(1)) whose product exhibits significant similarity to oxygen-independent coproporphyrinogen III dehydrogenases involved in heme biosynthesis in facultatively anaerobic bacteria [27].
• The hcp gene encoding the hybrid-cluster protein in E. coli and other facultative anaerobes occurs, in contrast with hcp genes in obligate anaerobic bacteria and archaea, in a small operon with a gene encoding a putative NADH oxidoreductase [28].
• Less frequently, infections are caused by fungi and anaerobic bacteria, and initial therapy does not necessarily have to cover coagulase-negative staphylococci, oxacillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), anaerobic bacteria and fungi [29].
• The third consists of four periplasmic Fe-hydrogenases from strict anaerobic bacteria [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Bacteria, Anaerobic

• A total of 598 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria were tested against ciprofloxacin by the agar dilution technique with 10(5) CFU on Wilkins-Chalgren medium [31].
• Ornidazole and anaerobic bacteria: in vitro sensitivity and effects on wound infections after appendectomy [32].
• Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ampicillin, cefoxitin, cefbuperazone, latamoxef, metronidazole, clindamycin and chloramphenicol were determined for 15 different anaerobic bacteria including Bacteroides spp., anaerobic cocci and Clostridium spp., in 18 European laboratories, who used their own methodology [33].
• PCR procedures based on 16S rRNA gene sequences specific for 12 anaerobic bacteria that predominate in the human intestinal tract were developed and used for quantitative detection of these species in human (adult and baby) feces and animal (rat, mouse, cat, dog, monkey, and rabbit) feces [34].
• Women exposed to clindamycin (but not metronidazole) had high frequencies (80%) of clindamycin-resistant anaerobic bacteria that persisted for 90 days after treatment [35].

References