Disease relevance of NSC 278

• Treatment of theileriosis with parvaquone in Zambia [1].
• Parvaquone given IM once at a dosage of 20 mg/kg was effective for acute B equi infections in splenectomized ponies; parasitemia began to decrease within 24 hours after treatment [2].
• Imidocarb and parvaquone in the treatment of piroplasmosis (Babesia equi) in equids [2].
• The weight changes, carrier state and nature of chronic disease in cattle following infection with five isolates of Theileria parva and treatment with parvaquone were studied over an 18 month period while the cattle were maintained on normal management under strict tick control [3].
• No symptoms of toxicity due to parvaquone treatment were observed [4].

High impact information on NSC 278

• Comparative studies of the efficacy of parvaquone and parvaquone-plus-frusemide in the treatment of Theileria parva infection (East Coast fever) in cattle [5].
• Domestic cats were inoculated subcutaneously with blood from a cat infected with Cytauxzoon felis and treated daily with either 20 or 30 mg kg-1 parvaquone, or 5 or 10 mg kg-1 buparvaquone, beginning on either the first day parasites were detected in peripheral blood, or 2 days after the onset of parasitemia [6].
• Although parvaquone and buparvaquone are the treatments of choice for a related hemoprotozoan parasite causing theileriosis in African cattle, wer concluded that at the dosages and regimes tested, these drugs are not effective treatments for feline cytauxzoonosis [6].
• We conclude that reorganization of schizonts can occur in T. parva-infected T lymphocytes cured of infection with parvaquone in the presence of interleukin 2 or growth factors produced by T. parva-infected cells [7].
• The implications of these results for the establishment of a carrier state following parvaquone therapy are discussed [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of NSC 278

• Three groups of four calves were treated intramuscularly with parvaquone (Clexon; Wellcome) when early signs of theileriosis were clinically apparent [4].
• One of five animals treated with parvaquone and three of six treated with halofuginone on the sixth day of fever died of theileriosis [8].
• Treatment of East Coast fever of cattle with a combination of parvaquone and frusemide [9].

Anatomical context of NSC 278

• Elimination of schizonts with the anti-theilerial drug, parvaquone, resulted in reduced antigenicity of the membrane fraction as detected by both the T cell clones and the schizont-specific monoclonal antibody [10].
• Schizont-infected cell lines derived by in vitro infection of bovine T cell clones with the Muguga isolate of Theileria parva were treated for 72 hr with the theileriacidal drug, parvaquone, at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml [7].
• Parvaquone was tested in cattle infected with Theileria annulata when they were presented at clinics in the vicinity of Baghdad. Out of over 200 cases presented with suspected theileriosis between July 1984 and July 1985, the drug was used in 45 cases where theileriosis was confirmed by microscopic examination of blood and lymph node biopsy smears [11].

Associations of NSC 278 with other chemical compounds

• A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of the antitheilerial drugs parvaquone and buparvaquone in plasma was developed [12].
• Two groups of five cattle were immunised with a field isolate of Theileria parva as stabilate and simultaneously treated with long acting oxytetracycline or parvaquone in early clinical disease [13].

Gene context of NSC 278

• Theileria parva: reappearance of schizonts in infected lymphoblastoid cells treated with parvaquone is dependent on interleukin 2-like growth factors [7].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of NSC 278

• Chemotherapy of East Coast fever: parvaquone treatment of clinical disease induced by isolates of Theileria parva [14].
• A cat which had recovered from Cytauxzoon felis infection following treatment with the anti-theilerial drug, parvaquone, showed an increase in piroplasm parasitemia after splenectomy and its blood was suitable for the preparation of antigen smears for the indirect fluorescent antibody test [15].
• Weights of the cattle were estimated and parvaquone was administered by intramuscular injection at a nominal dose of 20 mg/kg [11].

References