Disease relevance of IL2

• Biologically active bovine IL-2 was synthesized in an Escherichia coli expression system [1].
• Immune responses assayed included specific antibody production and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions to antigen, natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity, and production of interleukin 2 (IL2) [2].
• The LTR of HTLV-III, like that of HTLV-I, showed a limited homology to enhancer-like sequences within two genes expressed specifically in T lymphocytes, T-cell growth factor, and gamma-interferon [3].
• The IL-2 minipellet was evaluated for its efficacy against hepatic metastases from colon 26 adenocarcinoma in the BALB/c mice [4].
• Application of an interleukin 2 slow delivery system to the immunotherapy of established murine colon 26 adenocarcinoma liver metastases [4].

Psychiatry related information on IL2

• At 20 months after treatment, the IL-2 therapy group had 63% complete regressions; the combination group had 38% complete regressions, which were significantly higher than the IL-12 group, which had 0% complete regressions at 20 months, despite having 29% complete regressions at 6 months [5].

High impact information on IL2

• In yeast, this signal may act in a signal transduction pathway similar to the interleukin-2 signal transduction pathway in T cells [6].
• Influence of natural and recombinant interleukin 2 on endothelial cell arachidonate metabolism. Induction of de novo synthesis of prostaglandin H synthase [7].
• We conclude that IL-2 stimulated sustained PGI2 production by a mechanism that includes the de novo synthesis of PGH synthase [7].
• Bovine lymphocytes infected with the parasite Theileria parva continuously secrete a growth factor that is essential for their proliferation in vitro and also constitutively express interleukin 2 receptors on their surface [8].
• This was accomplished by screening a cDNA library constructed from lectin-stimulated bovine lymph node cells, using a human IL-2 probe [1].

Chemical compound and disease context of IL2

• A variant line of murine T lymphoma EL4 produces high levels of the lymphokine Interleukin 2 (IL 2) when it is stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate [9].
• Cells derived from immunized deer produced less TCGF than cells from infected deer when stimulated with PPD in vitro, although responses to BCG antigens were similar between the two groups [10].
• Multiple administration with interleukin-2 potentiates antigen-specific responses to subunit vaccination with bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein IV [11].
• Live and gamma-irradiated-killed Brucella abortus strain 2308 increased interleukin 1 (IL-1), but not interleukin 2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production when incubated with normal bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) [12].
• During the first phase, cure rates for intramammary infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus that were present at the end of lactation were 33.3% for quarters treated with cephapirin and 53.6% for quarters treated with cephapirin and interleukin-2 [13].

Biological context of IL2

• The expression of Foxp3 mRNA also increased and was accompanied by the upregulation of CD152 and the downregulation of IL-2 transcription, suggesting that cells in this subpopulation are T(regs) [14].
• Alignment of the amino acid sequence with human IL-2 indicates that mature bovine IL-2 is composed of 135 amino acids and has a predicted molecular weight of 15,452 [1].
• The bovine IL-2 clone is 791 base pairs in length and contains an open reading frame of 474 base pairs coding for a bovine IL-2 precursor polypeptide of 158 amino acids with an estimated molecular weight of 17,884 [15].
• The 3' untranslated region of the bovine IL-2 gene shares as much, if not greater, sequence homology with the 3' untranslated regions of the human and mouse genes as do the transcribed coding regions of these genes, suggesting an involvement of this region in regulation [15].
• In addition, we showed that the interleukin-2 receptors were biologically functional, because addition of recombinant interleukin-2 to cultures stimulated cell proliferation [16].

Anatomical context of IL2

• The transcription of CD25 and CD152 genes increased, whereas that of interleukin-2 (IL-2) decreased. gammadelta T cells appeared to be unresponsive [14].
• Proinflammatory cytokines in bovine colostrum potentiate the mitogenic response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from newborn calves through IL-2 and CD25 expression [17].
• Expression of Tac antigen component of bovine interleukin-2 receptor in different leukocyte populations infected with Theileria parva or Theileria annulata [16].
• One of the three mAb was a strong inhibitor of IL-2-dependent proliferation of bovine lymphocytes [18].
• In this study, five interleukin-2 (IL-2)-dependent cell lines were established from affected cattle to examine their growth regulation and cytokine transcription [19].

Associations of IL2 with chemical compounds

• Bovine IL-2 is unique among IL-2 homologs in that it has a single N-linked glycosylation site [1].
• In order to determine the percentage of cells that incorporated tritiated thymidine ([3H]dT) in the presence of IL-2 after treatment with CB plus TPA, autoradiography was carried out [20].
• Intracellular accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin inhibits phytohemagglutin-induced proliferation and interleukin-2 production of human lymphocytes [21].
• Neither the induction of the activity, nor the activity itself was inhibited by indomethacin or interleukin 2 (IL2) [22].
• The ability of gangliosides to inhibit IL2 activity is directly related to the complexity of their carbohydrate portion, and related ceramide derivatives at similar concentrations do not inhibit IL2 activity [23].

Regulatory relationships of IL2

• Group 1 received non-coding plasmid DNA only (control), group 2 received the E2 coding plasmid (0.5mg) plus non-coding plasmid DNA (0.5mg) and groups 3 and 4 received the E2 coding plasmid plus plasmid encoding either bovine interleukin 2 (IL-2) or granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) respectively [24].

Other interactions of IL2

• Messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript levels for the IL2, IL8, and IL1RN genes were significantly downregulated across the time course of infection in both breeds [25].
• Although IL-2 mRNA expression in ConA-stimulated PBMC from newborn calves was weaker than that in those from adult cows of ConA-stimulated controls, the expression levels became comparable after pretreatment with IL-1beta, TNF-alpha or IFN-gamma [17].
• The ability of IL2 to synergize with IFN-gamma to augment both the IgM and IgG2 responses implicates a TH1-like subset in regulation of this isotype [26].
• Unlike DNA or RNA synthesis, activation of T cells could be demonstrated in SFM with or without iron as shown by the normal induction of c-fos and early growth response gene mRNA, normal expression of IL2 and transferrin receptors, and normal IL2 production, despite the arrest of cells in G0/G1 [27].
• All six clones had the BoT2+ BoT4- BoT8+ phenotype, were dependent on both specific antigen and T cell growth factor for proliferation and were restricted by determinants on class I major histocompatibility complex molecules [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of IL2

• Molecular cloning of a functional bovine interleukin 2 cDNA [15].
• Seemingly, lower lymphocyte proliferative responses in cortisol-treated mononuclear cell cultures and in ACTH-treated calves were caused partly by lower IL2 production [29].
• Regional localization of the bovine interleukin-2 (IL2) gene to chromosome 17q22-->q23 by in situ hybridization [30].
• In contrast to lectins, certain antigens, and crude lymphocyte conditioned media, purified TCGF does not initiate lymphocyte blastogenesis but is a highly selective mitogen for T cells previously activated by exposure to lectins or antigens [31].
• Both phases of IL-2 production were confirmed by three separate biochemical techniques: IL-2 protein bioassay, mRNA Northern blots, and anti-IL-2 antibody detection [32].

References