Disease relevance of Felis

• METHODS: Mice were orally immunized with H. pylori sonicate, urease, or recombinant enzymatically inactive urease subunits and then challenged with Helicobacter felis [1].
• Infection of IL-10(-/-) mice with H. felis elicited a severe chronic gastritis and a greatly enhanced Helicobacter-specific Th1 immune response, as compared with wt mice [2].
• Etiology of cat scratch disease: comparison of polymerase chain reaction detection of Bartonella (formerly Rochalimaea) and Afipia felis DNA with serology and skin tests [3].
• Isolation and properties of methanesulfonate-degrading Afipia felis from Antarctica and comparison with other strains of A. felis [4].
• Chp2 can infect C. abortus, C. felis, and C. pecorum but is unable to infect other members of this genus, including C. caviae and C. pneumoniae, despite the fact that these chlamydial species support the replication of very closely related bacteriophages [5].

High impact information on Felis

• METHODS: Male hypergastrinemic mice (INS-GAS mice) were infected with Helicobacter felis and given the CCK2/gastrin receptor antagonist YF476 and/or the histamine H2-receptor antagonist loxtidine for 3 or 6 months [6].
• CONCLUSIONS: The combination of CCK2/gastrin- and histamine H2-receptor antagonists has synergistic inhibitory effects on development of gastric atrophy and cancer in H. felis/INS-GAS mice, while the proton pump inhibitor showed no such effects [6].
• CONCLUSIONS: The integrin alpha(4)beta(7) participates in the homing of CD4(+) T lymphocytes to the stomach and in the protection of the gastric mucosa against H. felis infection [7].
• Increased expression of sPLA2 was observed in BALB/c and C3H/HeJ after H. felis infection, whereas sPLA2 expression was absent in C57BL/6 mice [8].
• To further investigate this issue, interleukin 4 gene targeted mice were infected with Helicobacter felis, and a series of adoptive transfer experiments was performed to evaluate the role of both TH1 and TH2 cells [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Felis

• Treatment of mice chronically infected with Helicobacter felis for 2 mo with the SOM analogue octreotide resolved the inflammation [10].
• It was concluded that gastritis induced by H. felis is associated with increased HbA(1c) levels in the mouse model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes [11].
• The purpose of this study was to test the direct effect of purified LPS (tested range, 0.1 to 100 microg/ml) from various strains of H. pylori and from one Helicobacter felis strain on histamine- and carbachol-stimulated acid secretion in vitro using mouse gastric glands and the accumulation of [(14)C]aminopyrine [12].
• METHODS: Rates of chlamydial infection and sizes of the inclusions were evaluated by in vitro infection using three Chlamydiaceae species, Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Chlamydophila felis, which show significant divergence of tryptophan synthesis genes and different susceptibilities to IFN-gamma [13].
• OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of Felis domesticus allergen I (Feld I) in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic granuloma complex (EGC) in cats [14].
• Cat is a major allergen in patients with asthma in Siberia, Russia [15].

Biological context of Felis

• Female C57BL/6 mice carrying either the lambda/lacI transgene (Big Blue transgenic mice) or the lambda/lacI transgene and deficient in one allele of the p53 tumour suppressor gene (TSG-p53/Big Blue) were inoculated with H felis [16].
• A probe to the putative coding sequence for the active site of the H. pylori ureB subunit hybridized at low intensity to a 2.8-kb fragment of BamHI-HindIII-digested H. felis DNA, suggesting that the sequences were homologous but not identical, a result confirmed from the recently published sequences of ureA and ureB from H. felis [17].
• 16S rRNA gene sequencing, DNA relatedness studies, fatty acid analysis, and PCR of the A. felis ferredoxin gene showed that the isolate is identical to the previously reported A. felis isolate [18].
• In addition, it was found that divergent lineages from Dip. gracile and Cte. felis lack any clear affiliation with known supergroups, indicating further genetic diversity within the Wolbachia genus [19].
• MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight H. pylori isolates, including the Sydney Strain SS1, three H. felis isolates, and one isolate each of H. hepaticus, H. bilis, H. mustelae, and H. rodentium, were screened for plasmid DNA using a novel method that includes a potassium xanthogenate-sodium dodecyl sulfate-phenol (XSP) buffer [20].

Anatomical context of Felis

• Within 4 weeks of H. felis infection, there are striking alterations in the character of the gastric epithelium from IL-10(-/-) mice, including a profound loss of parietal and chief cells, focal de novo production of acidic mucins, and marked epithelial proliferation with disordered epithelial architecture [21].
• There was an approximately two-fold increase in lacI mutations in gastric mucosa harvested from mice infected with H felis and also from non-infected mice heterozygous for the p53 allele relative to wild-type mice [16].
• When grown in HeLa cells, A. felis was susceptible to amikacin and tobramycin but was resistant to the other compounds tested [22].
• METHODS: Brain and spinal cord from normal cat Felis domesticus and brain from CD-1 mice were reacted with aPL using indirect immunoperoxidase techniques [23].
• Trypan blue exclusion was used to estimate the viability of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) in the presence of Mycoplasma felis and two strains of M. fermentans (PG18 and incognitus) [24].

Associations of Felis with chemical compounds

• Two mAb were used to develop new techniques for the purification and quantitation of the major feline salivary allergen, Felis domesticus allergen I (Fel d I) [25].
• Isolation and characterization of a felinine-containing peptide from the blood of the domestic cat (Felis catus) [26].
• OBJECTIVE: We compared the effects of cat washing, Allerpet-C spray, and acepromazine with that of no treatment on the shedding of the primary cat allergen, Felis domesticus I by cats [27].
• Diabetes was induced in C57BL/6 mice by administration of streptozotocin, and the mice were orally inoculated with H. felis [11].
• We found that R. felis is susceptible to doxycycline, rifampin, thiamphenicol, and fluoroquinolones but not to gentamicin, erythromycin, amoxicillin, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [28].

Gene context of Felis

• Next, we infected complement-depleted wild-type control and interleukin-10-deficient (IL-10(-/-)) mice with H. felis [29].
• Surprisingly, the cytokine response to whole Helicobacter bacteria (H. pylori, H. hepaticus, and H. felis) was mediated not by TLR4 but rather by TLR2 [30].
• In vitro studies demonstrated that Helicobacter felis activates complement in normal mouse serum but not in serum from Rag2(-/-) mice, indicating that H. felis activates complement through the classical pathway [29].
• In conclusion, the Apc1638 truncating mutation leads to gastric dysplasia and polyposis of the antrum and pyloric junction, but H. felis infection of the Apc mutant mouse does not lead to an increased rate of gastric neoplasia [31].
• Infection of B and T cell-deficient RAG-1-/- mice or T cell-deficient TCRbetadelta-/- mice with H. felis resulted in high levels of colonization, but no detectable gastric pathology [32].
• Chromosome 12q24.3 controls sensitization to cat allergen in patients with asthma from Siberia, Russia [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Felis

• Sera were also evaluated for H. felis antibody by ELISA [34].
• Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel carboxylesterase-like protein that is physiologically present at high concentrations in the urine of domestic cats (Felis catus) [35].
• The genes encoding chain 1 (Ch1) and chain 2 (Ch2) of the major allergen of the domestic cat, Felis domesticus I, have been analyzed by genomic cloning and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [36].
• Epitope mapping of the cat (Felis domesticus) major allergen Fel d I by overlapping synthetic peptides and monoclonal antibodies against native and denatured Fel d I [37].
• A toxin immunologically similar to VacA produced by other strains of Helicobacter such as H. muridarum (ATCC49282), H. mustelae (F10) and H. felis (ATCC49179) could not be detected by Bead-ELISA as well as Western Blot [38].

References