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Gene Review

Tsz1  -  thymus size 1

Mus musculus

Synonyms: Tsz-1
 
 
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Disease relevance of Tsz1

  • Reduced thymus size and fetal weight were seen in 18-day old fetuses of C57BL/6 female mice fed a complete liquid diet containing 25% ethanol-derived calories (EDC) from gestational day 0 to 18 [1].
  • Thymus and spleen weight were decreased, but thymus size was maintained in proportion to body weight in R70% mice, whereas the ratio of thymus weight to body weight was significantly decreased in R55% mice [2].
  • After 4 weeks, the mean weight gain and thymus size were lower in the mice on the zinc-deficient diet [3].
  • On the other hand, reduced thymus size and suppression of thymoma development were found in heterozygous BUF/Mna-rnu/+ rats [4].
  • Changes in thymus size observed radiographically during the course of spontaneous lymphoma in the AKR/J mouse [5].
 

High impact information on Tsz1

  • GH appears to promote thymocyte proliferation, while PRL appears to decrease thymus size and yet augment the number and function of antigen-specific T cells in the periphery [6].
  • When C3H/HeHa mice were fed supplemental vitamin A, and treatment that increases their thymus size and numbers of thymic small lymphocytes, their resistance to the C3HBA tumor was markedly increased [7].
  • Although Egr1-deficient animals have a low percentage of mature thymocytes due to inefficient positive selection, the absolute number of mature thymocytes is only slightly reduced due to increased thymus size in Egr1-deficient mice [8].
  • By contrast, a CD8 transgene that leads to the same degree of overexpression on DP thymocytes, but is not expressed on double-negative subsets, has no effect on thymus size or composition [9].
  • This was paralleled by a peak in adrenal gland weight and a minimum in thymus size [10].
 

Biological context of Tsz1

 

Anatomical context of Tsz1

  • In the immediate postnatal period (0-23 days), while the relative size of the thymus is increasing, the thymus size of C57BL/6J mice is large relative to that of A/J mice, but the A/J character is dominant during this period, and this difference appears to be controlled by two genes [14].
  • Androgen receptors in thymic epithelium modulate thymus size and thymocyte development [15].
  • Thymus size, however, was reduced in the tumour-bearing mice compared with controls, and 3H-thymidine uptake was depressed in the spleen and to some extent also in the lymph nodes, possibly owing to non-specific stress [16].
  • Prenatal exposure, on the other hand, resulted in elevated leukocyte counts and a trend toward increased spleen and thymus size in offspring of treated mothers [17].
 

Associations of Tsz1 with chemical compounds

  • A significant reduction in the thymus size and cellularity was observed in mice treated with Linomide, starting from day 3 after treatment, accompanied by an enhanced apoptotic death of cortical thymocytes, which was first noted on day 1 of treatment and peaked on day 3 [18].
  • Although in methyldopa-treated mice spleen and kidneys were increased in size, liver, lung, heart, and thymus size was not affected [19].
  • Young, ten days old, mice injected with 140 mg/kg sodium succcinate of hydrocortisone (HC) intraperitonially (i.p.) displayed, 24 h after the injection, a decrease in thymus size and cellular content, an effect that was magnified when ouabain (OUA) 0.56 mg/kg, i.p. was given 1 h prior to the HC injection [20].
 

Other interactions of Tsz1

  • Thymus size in lck-Mad1 transgenic mice is drastically reduced although representation of the various thymocyte sub populations appears normal [21].
  • Mice deficient in laminin-2, dy/dy, show a significant reduction in thymus size and number of thymocytes compared to normal littermates [22].
  • In a previous study we identified the subpopulations of thymus cells that were infected by the lymphomagenic MCF13 murine leukemia virus (MLV) (F. K. Yoshimura, T. Wang, and M. Cankovic, J. Virol. 73:4890-4898, 1999) and observed an effect on thymus size by virus infection [23].

References

  1. Flow cytometric and histological analysis of mouse thymus in fetal alcohol syndrome. Ewald, S.J., Walden, S.M. J. Leukoc. Biol. (1988) [Pubmed]
  2. Total dietary restriction and thymus, spleen, and phenotype and function of splenocytes in growing mice. Gartner, A., Castellon, W.T., Gallon, G., Simondon, F. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) (1992) [Pubmed]
  3. The use of a stereological method to estimate the volume of Schistosoma mansoni granulomas: the effect of zinc deficiency. Friis, H., Andersen, C.B., Vennervald, B.J., Christensen, N.O., Pakkenberg, B. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. (1998) [Pubmed]
  4. Linkage of the athymic nude locus with the myeloperoxidase locus in the rat. Murakumo, Y., Takahashi, M., Hayashi, N., Taguchi, M., Arakawa, A., Sharma, N., Sakata, K., Saito, M., Amo, H., Katoh, H. Pathol. Int. (1995) [Pubmed]
  5. Changes in thymus size observed radiographically during the course of spontaneous lymphoma in the AKR/J mouse. Gough, G.R., Boggs, S.S., Schwartz, G.N. Lab. Anim. Sci. (1977) [Pubmed]
  6. Differential effects of growth hormone and prolactin on murine T cell development and function. Murphy, W.J., Durum, S.K., Longo, D.L. J. Exp. Med. (1993) [Pubmed]
  7. Decreased resistance of C3H/HeHa mice to C3HBA tumor transplants; increased resistance due to supplemental vitamin A. Selfter, E., Rettura, G., Levenson, S.M. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (1981) [Pubmed]
  8. Control of recent thymic emigrant survival by positive selection signals and early growth response gene 1. Schnell, F.J., Kersh, G.J. J. Immunol. (2005) [Pubmed]
  9. Early onset of CD8 transgene expression inhibits the transition from DN3 to DP thymocytes. Wack, A., Coles, M., Norton, T., Hostert, A., Kioussis, D. J. Immunol. (2000) [Pubmed]
  10. Oxisuran and immune reactions: mediation of oxisuran action by the adrenal glands. van Dijk, H., Bakker, I.A., Testerink, J., Bloksma, N., Willers, J.M. J. Immunol. (1975) [Pubmed]
  11. Age-related thymic involution in C57BL/6J x DBA/2J recombinant-inbred mice maps to mouse chromosomes 9 and 10. Hsu, H.C., Zhang, H.G., Li, L., Yi, N., Yang, P.A., Wu, Q., Zhou, J., Sun, S., Xu, X., Yang, X., Lu, L., Van Zant, G., Williams, R.W., Allison, D.B., Mountz, J.D. Genes Immun. (2003) [Pubmed]
  12. Does breastfeeding increase thymus size? Prentice, A.M., Collinson, A.C. Acta Paediatr. (2000) [Pubmed]
  13. Biological activity of hormonally active and non-active androgen derivatives. Vojtísková, M., Dráber, P., Veres, K., Pokorná, Z. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. (1982) [Pubmed]
  14. Genetic control of thymus size in inbred mice. Peleg, L., Nesbitt, M.N. J. Hered. (1984) [Pubmed]
  15. Androgen receptors in thymic epithelium modulate thymus size and thymocyte development. Olsen, N.J., Olson, G., Viselli, S.M., Gu, X., Kovacs, W.J. Endocrinology (2001) [Pubmed]
  16. Effect of the Hewitt keratinizing epidermal carcinoma on cell proliferation in different organs of the host mouse and in human psoriatic skin cultured in diffusion chambers. Kariniemi, A.L., Rytömaa, T. Br. J. Dermatol. (1976) [Pubmed]
  17. Immune function in adult C57BL/6J mice following exposure to urethan pre- or postnatally. Luebke, R.W., Riddle, M.M., Rogers, R.R., Rowe, D.G., Garner, R.J., Smialowicz, R.J. Journal of immunopharmacology. (1986) [Pubmed]
  18. Linomide induces apoptotic death of cortical CD4/CD8 double positive thymocytes and thymic atrophy by a corticosteroid-independent pathway. Arbel, I., Chezen, E., Abramsky, O., Karpati, T., Ovadia, H., Mizrachi-Koll, R., Karussis, D. Clin. Immunol. (1999) [Pubmed]
  19. Methyldopa: effects on the murine immune system. Caren, L.D., Billett, J.N., Mandel, A.D. Toxicol. Lett. (1985) [Pubmed]
  20. Synergistic effect between ouabain and glucocorticoids for the induction of thymic atrophy. Rodrigues-Mascarenhas, S., dos Santos, N.F., Rumjanek, V.M. Biosci. Rep. (2006) [Pubmed]
  21. Expression of Mad1 in T cells leads to reduced thymic cellularity and impaired mitogen-induced proliferation. Rudolph, B., Hueber, A.O., Evan, G.I. Oncogene (2001) [Pubmed]
  22. Aberrant development of thymocytes in mice lacking laminin-2. Magner, W.J., Chang, A.C., Owens, J., Hong, M.J., Brooks, A., Coligan, J.E. Dev. Immunol. (2000) [Pubmed]
  23. Mink cell focus-forming murine leukemia virus infection induces apoptosis of thymic lymphocytes. Yoshimura, F.K., Wang, T., Yu, F., Kim, H.R., Turner, J.R. J. Virol. (2000) [Pubmed]
 
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