Disease relevance of Anxa4

• To generate monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies (mAb2) against avian influenza virus subtype H9 (H9 AIV), BALB/c mice were immunized with purified chicken anti-H9-AIV IgG and the splenocytes of immunized mice were fused with myeloma cells NS-1 [1].

High impact information on Anxa4

• As astrocytes are known to express angiotensinogen, which is the precursor of angiotensins (AI to AIV), we have investigated a possible functional contribution of angiotensinogen or one of its metabolites to BBB reconstitution [2].
• Comparison of genomic DNA sequences from human and mouse revealed a new apolipoprotein (APO) gene (APOAV) located proximal to the well-characterized APOAI/CIII/AIV gene cluster on human 11q23 [3].
• The phenotype observed can be rescued by co-injection of Xanx-4 mRNA [4].
• Xanx-4 transcripts are specifically located to the developing pronephric tubules, and the protein to the luminal surface of these tubules [4].
• Annexin IV has been shown to have an inhibitory role in the regulation of epithelial calcium-activated chloride ion conductance [4].

Biological context of Anxa4

• The different tissue and cell-specific expression profiles of the three transcripts suggest that regulation of both the annexin IV gene expression and the cellular role of the protein are complex [5].
• 5. To determine if normal morphogenesis of these midline structures is essential for annexin IV expression, we analyzed two strains of mutant mice that have defective formation of either the floor or the roof plate [6].
• Annexin IV was cloned and sequenced from a mouse bone marrow-derived macrophage cDNA library, and was found to exist as three different alternatively spliced transcripts [7].
• The apoAI/CIII/AIV gene cluster is involved in lipid metabolism and has a complex pattern of gene expression modulated by a common regulatory element, the apoCIII enhancer [8].
• The nature of the priming immunization made no difference in the strong antibody response to an AIV boost [9].

Anatomical context of Anxa4

• Finally, annexin IV immunolabeling is present from the caudal spinal cord, through the brainstem up to the diencephalon and lamina terminalis [6].
• Annexin IV is present in the notochord at embryonic day (E) 8.5, prior to its expression in any structures within the neural tube [6].
• Cloning and functional activity of a novel truncated form of annexin IV in mouse macrophages [7].
• While the amounts of annexins I, II, III and V associated with phagosomes were similar at all times after their formation, the level of annexin IV was significantly higher on older phagosomes [10].
• These results suggest that the renin-angiotensin system could play a critical role in central nervous system, preventing neuronal cells from apoptosis not only by AII but also AIV [11].

Associations of Anxa4 with chemical compounds

• Intron disruption of the annexin IV gene reveals novel transcripts [5].
• There were no differences in human hepatic apo AI and apo CIII mRNA levels in fructose-fed mice compared with untreated mice, but apo AIV mRNA was greater, indicating a differential expression of the apo AI and apo AIV genes in response to dietary perturbations [12].
• Since apolipoproteins AIV and AII are two other protein constituents of HDL, we wished to test the hypothesis that estrogen would produce different effects on these apoproteins in mice and rats [13].
• Two-week administration of an angiotensin fragment (3-8), angiotensin IV (AIV), to Agt-KO/He markedly attenuated the renal atrophy, decreasing the incidence from 81% to 14% [14].

Other interactions of Anxa4

• The genes are closely linked, with 0/215 recombinants between Anx4 and Tgfa and 1/215 recombinants between these genes and Egr4 [15].
• In Danforth's short-tail mice, the floor plate is absent from the caudal spinal cord, and annexin IV immunopositivity disappears at the level where the floor plate is missing [6].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Anxa4

• Northern blot and immunoblot data indicated that annexin IV expression was eliminated in many but not all tissues [5].
• Using immunocytochemistry with an antibody to annexin IV, we have elucidated the temporal and spatial expression of this molecule [6].

References