High impact information on Hes1

• Excitation through this pathway acts to inhibit expression of the glial fate genes Hes1 and Id2 and increase expression of NeuroD, a positive regulator of neuronal differentiation [1].
• Thus, RHL acts as an immediate-early gene that can potentially transduce growth factor signals during the development of the mammalian embryo [2].
• The rat-hairy-like (RHL) gene is expressed early during embryogenesis [2].
• It is shown here that Hes1 associates with the nuclear matrix, the ribonucleoprotein network of the nucleus that plays important roles in transcriptional regulation [3].
• Hairy/Enhancer of split 1 (Hes1) is a mammalian transcriptional repressor that plays crucial roles in the regulation of several developmental processes, including neuronal differentiation [3].

Biological context of Hes1

• The expression of BMP2/4 subsequently increased the phosphorylation of downstream effector Smad1 and the expression of notch signal pathway-induced protein Hes1 in cultured SVZ neurospheres [4].
• A robust increase in expression of 10 immediate early genes including Egr1-4, Hes1, Junb, Jun and Fos was observed already after 1 h treatment with NGF alone [5].
• In contrast, expression of the bHLH transcription factor HES-1 repressed goosecoid-mediated neurite outgrowth without changing the proportion of S-phase cells [6].
• The rat peritoneal macrophage lectin specific for galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine was shown to be a homologue of the hepatic asialoglycoprotein binding protein (rat hepatic lectin, RHL) [7].

Anatomical context of Hes1

• BMP antagonist Noggin blocked the elevation of phosphorylated Smad1 and the expression of Hes1 as well as reducing the percentage of astrocytic SVZ progenitor cells [4].
• Subsequently, the Hes1-positive cells lose their association with the basal lamina, shift apically, and differentiate into sustentacular cells [8].
• The antineurogenic factor Hes1 is limited to the sustentacular cells of the unlesioned olfactory epithelium and to the adjoining respiratory epithelium [8].
• Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization studies showed that the stratum intermedium cells express the Notch1 protein and Hes1 mRNAs, while the IEE and ameloblasts express the Jagged1 [9].
• Expression of the downstream target, Hes1, was observed along the lesion and adjacent dentin walls [10].

Associations of Hes1 with chemical compounds

• The ability of Hes1 to interact with Ptf1-p48 resides within a fragment comprised of the bHLH, Orange and C-terminal domains, and does not require the N-terminal or WRPW elements [11].
• Moreover, expression of Hes1 marks that population of globose basal cells committed to making sustentacular cells after methyl bromide lesion [8].
• As shown in the accompanying paper (Zeng, F. Y., Kaphalia, B. S., Ansari, G. A. S., and Weigel, P. H. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 21382-21387) all three RHL subunits of active ASGP-Rs, in fact, contain covalently attached palmitate and stearate [12].
• These results suggest that Cluster 1, the N-terminal heparin-binding domain, is of primary significance in RHL [13].
• In the cell-binding assay, heparan sulfate-binding affinity equal to that of LPL was seen for the RHL chimera mutant that possessed the Cluster 4 sequence of LPL [13].

Other interactions of Hes1

• Tissue exposed to D-APV for 3 days showed higher expression of Hes1 and Hes5 mRNA than did unexposed control tissue [14].

References