Disease relevance of N

• Measles virus N protein-specific CTL memory and serum antibody responses were analyzed in a total of 140 mice at time points 2-51 weeks after immunization either with a single dose of 10(8) pfu RAd68 or with a fivefold higher dose [1].
• Sequencing and analysis of the nucleocapsid (N) and polymerase (L) genes and the terminal extragenic domains of the vaccine strain of rinderpest virus [2].
• Lewis rats were immunized with recombinant vaccinia virus (VV) expressing the nucleocapsid (N), phospho (P), matrix (M), fusion (F), and haemagglutinin (H) proteins of measles virus (MV) [3].
• Attempts were made to identify and map epitopes on the nucleocapsid (N) protein of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) (Nigeria75/1 strain) using seven monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and deletion mutants [4].
• The measles virus (MV) nucleocapsid (N) protein gene has been inserted into a plasmid vector so as to place the gene under the control of the strong constitutive human cytomegalovirus major immediate early promoter [5].

High impact information on N

• We report here that a monoclonal antibody directed against the virus haemagglutinin, unlike an antibody to the virus nucleocapsid protein, is able to induce a subacute encephalitis in vivo [6].
• A radiolabelled 50-base oligonucleotide complementary with the measles virus gene encoding the nucleocapsid was used as a probe to identify persistent measles virus genome in the lymphocytes from patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (AICAH) [7].
• In the final stage of SSPE most infected cells still have depressed levels of plus- and minus-strand viral RNA and contain nucleocapsid protein but lack matrix protein [8].
• Osteoclasts in bone involved by Paget disease contain viral-like nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions that react with antibodies directed against paramyxovirus nucleocapsid proteins, such as measles virus, respiratory syncytial virus, or canine distemper virus [9].
• Oligonucleotide primers were designed to flank a sequence of the nucleocapsid genome of measles virus and canine distemper virus (CDV) [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of N

• Poly(A)+ RNAs that were extracted from C6/SSPE cells before and after a shift to 39 degrees C produced detectable phospho, nucleocapsid, and M proteins in cell-free translation systems at 32 degrees C. Even higher incubation temperatures did not demonstrate the selective depression of M protein synthesis described above in vitro [11].

Biological context of N

• The nucleotide sequence of the coding region of the N gene of RPVK is 88.6, 68.9, and 63.2% homologous with N genes of RPVL, MV, and CDV, respectively [12].
• A comparison of its nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence with those of the N gene of the tissue culture-attenuated strain of PPRV was performed [13].
• These data suggested that the cell-mediated immunity induced by rVV-RPV-N could stimulate the rapid production of neutralizing antibodies following RPV challenge but this response was not sufficient to protect against challenge with a virulent strain of the virus [14].
• We have sequenced the nucleocapsid (N) and polymerase (L) genes of the vaccine strain of rinderpest, and the 5' and 3' terminal domains of the genome [15].
• Six antigenic sites (sites A, B, C, D, E and F), defined previously by a competitive binding assay using corresponding monoclonal antibodies (Mabs), have been further localized by immunoassays using deleted N mutants [16].

Anatomical context of N

• An immunization strategy that may permit priming for T cell memory for MV in infants at or shortly after birth uses recombinant bacille Calmette-Guérin expressing the full-length MV nucleocapsid (N) protein (rBCG::N) [17].
• These data show that 1) unlike those from normal subjects, marrow mononuclear cells from Paget's patients express MV nucleocapsid messenger ribonucleic acid; and 2) mutations of a specific region of the MV nucleocapsid gene were present in 4 of 5 patients and suggest a persistent MV infection in Pagetic osteoclast precursors [18].
• Persistently infected clones were derived and characterized morphologically by the appearance of multinucleate giant cells and nucleocapsid matrices in cytoplasm and nucleus, but very few budding virus particles [19].
• Antibodies specific for M and nucleocapsid (NC) proteins in 11 serum and 8 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with SSPE were quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay by using affinity-purified measles virus proteins [20].
• Using cloned (3H)-labeled complementary DNA probes for in situ hybridization, we found the M protein and nucleocapsid (NP) protein nucleotide sequences in glial cells and neurons of cryostat sections from two SSPE brains [21].

Associations of N with chemical compounds

• Recovery of nucleocapsid production started within a few hours after removal of halothane [22].
• A specific response was detected to all RPV proteins tested, namely the haemagglutinin (H), fusion (F), nucleocapsid (N) and matrix (M) proteins, in animals vaccinated with the attenuated strain of the virus [23].
• Seven virus-induced polypeptides have been asigned the following nomenclature and mol. wt.: a large polypeptide L (180,000); a large glycoprotein G (77,000); a nucleocapsid-associated protein P (73,000); the nucleocapsid protein N (60,000); the smaller glycoprotein F0 (59,000); a membrane protein M (35,000) and a small polypeptide S (15,000) [24].
• They can be distinguished by differential neutralisation tests and by the migration of the major virus structural protein, the nucleocapsid protein, on polyacrylamide gels [25].
• Inhibition of the accumulation of the nucleocapsid proteins by actinomycin D led to an increase in CAT expression [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of N

• A 590 bp fragment of the carboxyl terminus of the nucleocapsid (N) was amplified by PCR and subjected to sequence and phylogenetic analysis [27].
• On intramuscular injection of pMV64 DNA into C3H/He mice, seroconversion with increasing titers of N-specific serum IgG antibodies was observed over a period of 3 months [5].
• Serum from five species, tested in a heterologous immunoprecipitation assay using radiolabelled CDV, precipitated the nucleocapsid (N) protein [28].
• In ELISA using deleted N mutants, Mabs recognizing sites A, B, C, D and E reacted with 3 GST fusion proteins (GST-N1-149, GST-N1-421 and GST-N1-525), indicating that they are located at aa 80-149 [16].
• With a hybridization tomographic technique that combines in situ hybridization with macroradioautographic screening of large areas of tissue, we analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution of virus genes in vivo, using region- and strand-specific probes for the nucleocapsid and matrix genes [8].

References