Disease relevance of SCARA3

• In this study, we identified a gene called cellular stress response 1 (CSR1) that was frequently down-regulated and methylated in prostate cancer samples [1].
• However, in central sleep apnea with Cheyne Stokes respiration (CSA-CSR) in which respiratory-control instability plays a major pathophysiologic role, the effect of position is less clear [2].
• STUDY OBJECTIVES: To examine the influence of position on CSA-CSR severity as well as central and mixed apnea frequency [2].
• VLFI is also associated with Cheyne-Stokes respiration/central sleep apnoea (CSR/CSA) in congestive heart failure (CHF) [3].
• Due to the central position of dopamine and the documented low NS in Parkinson's disease (PD), the frequency of the exon 3 variants of D4DR in 95 PD patients and 47 controls was investigated [4].

Psychiatry related information on SCARA3

• Saga of an adventure gene: novelty seeking, substance abuse and the dopamine D4 receptor (D4DR) exon III repeat polymorphism [5].
• METHODS: Polysomnograms with digitized video surveillance of 20 consecutive patients with heart failure and CSA-CSR were analyzed for total apnea-hypopnea index, mean event duration, and mean oxygen desaturation according to sleep stage and position [2].
• Moreover, among PTSD veterans, those who suffered from an antecedent CSR reported wider and more severe symptomatology [6].
• Finally, it has now become apparent that CSR in patients with CHF can cause symptoms of a sleep apnea syndrome when associated with intermittent hypoxia and arousals from sleep [7].
• Results show that mental health officers view CSR primarily as a response to external circumstances; it is not generally seen as resulting from personality traits or intrapsychic processes [8].

High impact information on SCARA3

• METHODS: Data from the UK Cardiac Surgical Register (CSR; January, 1984, to March, 1996) and Hospital Episode Statistics (HES; April, 1991, to December, 1995) were obtained for all 12 major centres in which paediatric cardiac surgery is done in the UK [9].
• Further investigations into the regulation and function of CSR should open a way to understanding the cellular response and the pathogenic processes caused by oxidative stress [10].
• Forced expression of CSR1 in prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC3 resulted in a two- to threefold decrease in colony formation and a 10-fold reduction in anchorage-independent growth [1].
• Survival analysis indicated that methylation of the CSR1 promoter, and to a lesser extent down-regulation of CSR1 protein expression, was associated with a high rate of prostate cancer metastasis [1].
• Dopamine D4 receptor (D4DR) and serotonin transporter promoter (5-HTTLPR) polymorphisms in the determination of temperament in 2-month-old infants [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of SCARA3

• Controlled release carbidopa/levodopa (CSR-1) was compared to standard carbidopa/levodopa in a double-blind, crossover study of 20 Parkinson's disease patients [12].

Biological context of SCARA3

• We found a polymorphic dinucleotide repeat in the first intron of the CSR gene [13].
• However, Malhotra et al failed to replicate the association between the direct measure of NS using the TPQ and the long alleles of the D4DR genotypes in two Finnish samples [14].
• Demographic factors such as the age and gender composition of the samples are important sources of variation in allelic association studies and future research must carefully address whether the D4DR genetic polymorphisms vary substantially across demographic groups [14].
• We considered whether infant cortisol stress response (CSR) is a suitable endocrine phenotype for developmental stress research [15].
• Results support using infant CSR, particularly as measured by AUC, as a valid endocrine phenotype for developmental stress research [15].

Anatomical context of SCARA3

• EC used directly after irradiation in MSLR induced about half the lymphocyte response compared to nonirradiated EC [16].
• Despite its resemblance to the structure of cardiac steroids (CS), 16 does not bind to the CS receptor on Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and does not increase the force of contraction of heart muscle [17].
• The macular pathology of CSR exists mainly in the middle and inner retinal layers, disturbing the fovea more than the perifovea, whereas degeneration of photoreceptors progresses in more advanced stage [18].
• It was assumed that a unit of CS return (CSR; 250 ml/unit) equaled a unit of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) and that all CS transfusions were necessary [19].
• Immuno-electron microscopic studies of either HLA-Dr (+) or OKT6 (+) enriched and depleted epidermal cells suspensions: (I) were well correlated with results in MSLR; (2) indicated that Langerhans cells express both T6 and HLA-Dr determinants while indeterminate cells express only the HLA-Dr [20].

Associations of SCARA3 with chemical compounds

• Recent studies by Ebstein et al and Benjamin et al found associations between long repeat polymorphisms in the D4 dopamine receptor gene (D4DR) and individual variation in a human personality trait, identified as 'Novelty Seeking' (NS) [14].
• However, no association between the D4DR alleles and trbc MAO could be observed in this material [21].
• However, W-7 inhibited CS binding much more efficiently in GN 54 than in GN 23, suggesting that calmodulin may be the predominant CS receptor in GN 54 [22].
• The most consistent finding in a variety of clinical measurements was the superiority of standard carbidopa/levodopa to CSR-1 [12].

Other interactions of SCARA3

• The CSR (cellular stress response) gene encodes a protein that structurally resembles the macrophage scavenger receptor, and is a potent regulator of intracellular reactive oxygen intermediates [13].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of SCARA3

• Expression of CSR1 in PC3 cell xenografts produced a dramatic reduction (>8-fold) in tumor size, rate of invasion (0 versus 31%), and mortality (13 versus 100%) [1].
• No association between novelty seeking and dopamine D4 receptor (D4DR) exon III seven repeat alleles in Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging participants [14].
• Soldiers diagnosed with CSR during the Lebanon War (N = 382) were compared with a matched control group of soldiers who fought in the same units but did not manifest symptoms of CSR (N = 334) [23].
• In lung transplant recipients, MT levels in BALF were significantly higher in patients with CSR, AR, ACMV, and CMVP compared with NTCs, while during BOS, MT had a significantly lower level compared with other lung transplant groups [24].
• Breathing patterns were monitored by continuous respiratory inductive plethysmography for a minimum of 12 hours of spontaneous respiration after recovery from PE; CSR was noted in 42 patients (44 percent) [25].

References