Disease relevance of Sleep Apnea Syndromes

• The results implicate SK3 channels as potential therapeutic targets for disorders such as sleep apnea or sudden infant death syndrome and for regulating uterine contractions during labor [1].
• Nicotine is also being investigated for therapy of ulcerative colitis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Tourette's syndrome, sleep apnea, and attention deficit disorder [2].
• Thyroxine treatment is said to significantly reduce the apnea index and length and sleep apnea symptoms [3].
• Angiotensin-converting enzyme, sleep-disordered breathing, and hypertension [4].
• In epilepsy patients with risk factors (eg, obesity) or markers (eg, habitual snoring, daytime somnolence) for sleep apnea, a careful sleep history should be elicited and a polysomnogram obtained when indicated [5].

Psychiatry related information on Sleep Apnea Syndromes

• Dexamethasone had no effect on fluid shifts, oxygenation, sleep apnea, urinary catecholamine levels, the appearance of chest radiographs or perfusion scans, serum electrolyte levels, hematologic profiles, or the results of psychometric tests [6].
• In 100 consecutive adults who came to a sleep disorders center complaining of repeated nocturnal injury, polysomnographic study identified five disorders: night terrors/sleepwalking (N = 54), REM sleep behavior disorder (N = 36), dissociative disorders (N = 7), nocturnal seizures (N = 2), and sleep apnea (N = 1) [7].
• Primary sleep disorders, especially sleep-disordered breathing and periodic limb movement disorder, should be looked for in children with ADHD [8].
• Gastroesophageal reflux and sleep apnea were not responsible for the sleep fragmentation [9].
• These data suggest a therapeutic potential for ondansetron in obstructive sleep-disordered breathing, particularly REM sleep apnea [10].

High impact information on Sleep Apnea Syndromes

• Theophylline and sleep-disordered breathing in heart failure [11].
• Plasma norepinephrine levels in patients with sleep apnea syndrome [12].
• Association between apolipoprotein E epsilon4 and sleep-disordered breathing in adults [13].
• Sleep-disordered breathing occurs in Alzheimer disease patients and increases risks for cardiovascular disease [13].
• Progesterone administration and progressive sleep apneas [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of Sleep Apnea Syndromes

• Effect of theophylline on sleep-disordered breathing in heart failure [15].
• beta 2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit modulates protective responses to stress: A receptor basis for sleep-disordered breathing after nicotine exposure [16].
• RESULTS: All 10 patients had sleep apnea and were treated with thyroxine [3].
• Effect of flurazepam on sleep-disordered breathing and nocturnal oxygen desaturation in asymptomatic subjects [17].
• Effect of haloperidol on sleep apnea [18].

Biological context of Sleep Apnea Syndromes

• CONCLUSION: Although their respiratory phenotype was much less severe than CCHS, the Phox2b(+/-) mutant mice showed sleep-disordered breathing, which partially modeled the key feature of CCHS [19].
• CONTEXT: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are insulin resistant and are at increased risk for sleep apnea, which, in turn, may contribute to insulin resistance [20].
• Very prolonged central, obstructive, and mixed sleep apneas with low O2 saturation values and a fixed heart rate were recorded in most patients with syringobulbia [21].
• Plasma vascular endothelial growth factor in sleep apnea syndrome: effects of nasal continuous positive air pressure treatment [22].
• CONCLUSIONS: Sleep apnea elicits increases in blood pressure and endothelin-1, with reductions in both after treatment [23].

Anatomical context of Sleep Apnea Syndromes

• These three patients with "secondary" sleep apnea were treated with thyroxine therapy alone, and followed with sequential sleep studies and serum thyroid hormone assays; symptoms, sleep-disordered breathing, nocturnal hypoxia, and thyroid deficiency resolved simultaneously [24].
• Infusion of nitroprusside (baroreceptor deactivation) elicited similar decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) but lesser MSNA increases in patients with sleep apnea than in control subjects [25].
• Oleamide and delta9THC blocked serotonin-induced exacerbation of sleep apnea (p<0.05 for each), suggesting that inhibitory coupling between cannabinoids and serotonin receptors in the peripheral nervous system may act on apnea expression [26].
• Hypoxemia is a powerful stimulus of glutamate release in the central nervous system (CNS) and a hallmark phenomenon in sleep disordered breathing (SDB) [27].
• Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy misdiagnosed as sleep apnea syndrome [28].

Gene context of Sleep Apnea Syndromes

• OBJECTIVES: To determine whether newborn mice with heterozygous targeted deletion of the transcription factor Phox2b would display sleep-disordered breathing [19].
• Clinical conditions altering IL-1 or TNF activity are associated with changes in sleep, for example, infectious disease and sleep apnea [29].
• Nocturnal sleep apnea/hypopnea is associated with lower memory performance in APOE epsilon4 carriers [30].
• Marked decrease in sleepiness in patients with sleep apnea by etanercept, a tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonist [31].
• We conclude that PSG within a few days following UPPP is warranted in patients with obstructive sleep-disordered breathing to determine if there has been worsening of upper airway function or oxygenation (or both) during sleep in the early postoperative period [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Sleep Apnea Syndromes

• Treatment of the sleep apnea with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), protriptyline, trazodone, acetazolamide, or tracheostomy reduced seizure frequency and severity in six patients [5].
• Thus, findings of higher CRP values in adults with sleep-disordered breathing and correlations of these values with polysomnography indices were not confirmed in children [33].
• This characterization of serotonin receptor subtypes in the hypoglossal nucleus provides a focus for the development of pharmacotherapies for sleep apnea [34].
• To evaluate the potential of ondansetron in the treatment of obstructive sleep-disordered breathing, we have performed randomized trials of two doses of ondansetron (20 and 40 mg orally) and placebo (4 studies for each of the 3 conditions) in our animal model of obstructive sleep apnea, the English Bulldog [10].
• Children referred to the Sleep Medicine Center for sleep-disordered breathing were further subdivided according to their body mass index > 95% for age and sex (n = 44) and with BMI < 95% for age and sex as ClinN1 (n = 41) [35].

References