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Gene Review

HNM1  -  Hnm1p

Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288c

Synonyms: CTR, CTR1, Choline transport protein, YGL077C
 
 
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High impact information on HNM1

 

Biological context of HNM1

  • In addition to the TATA box, a 10 bp motif (consensus 5'-CATGTGAAAT-3') was found to be mandatory for CTR/HNM1 expression [5].
  • By contrast the presence of multi-copy vectors containing HNM1, in either a hyper-resistant hnm1 mutant or an HNM1 wild-type, will lead to a novel, mustard-sensitive phenotype unrelated to defects in DNA repair genes [6].
  • Gene disruption of HNM1 revealed that this gene is non-essential for cells prototrophic for choline (CHO1) but lethal for cells with a cho1 genotype [6].
  • Diploids, homo- or heterozygous for the HNM1 locus, exhibit normal wild-type like resistance while homozygosity for hnm1 leads to the phenotype HYR to HN2 [7].
  • While mutation and regulation of HNM1/CTR have pronounced effects on the cell's HN2 sensitivity, they do not interfere with repair of HN2-induced DNA damage, a process whose quality independently determines a yeast cell's sensitivity to HN2 [8].
 

Anatomical context of HNM1

  • Electron microscopic analysis of wild-type and CTR mutant cells reveals that SPBs are tightly associated with the bud neck/cortex by cytoplasmic microtubules in mutants lacking the tail region (tub4-delta 444, tub4-delta 448) [9].
  • These results suggest that lizard Ctr1 protein may function in Cu acquisition in growing oocytes and eggs [10].
  • Ctr1 is a homotrimeric protein, conserved from yeast to humans, that transports Cu across the plasma membrane with high affinity and specificity [11].
  • The profile of Ctr1 mRNA in growing ovarian follicles and eggs demonstrates that the transcript accumulates during the oocyte growth and reaches the highest levels in ovulated eggs [10].
 

Associations of HNM1 with chemical compounds

 

Regulatory relationships of HNM1

 

Other interactions of HNM1

 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of HNM1

References

  1. An electric lobe suppressor for a yeast choline transport mutation belongs to a new family of transporter-like proteins. O'Regan, S., Traiffort, E., Ruat, M., Cha, N., Compaore, D., Meunier, F.M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2000) [Pubmed]
  2. Eukaryotic CTR copper uptake transporters require two faces of the third transmembrane domain for helix packing, oligomerization, and function. Aller, S.G., Eng, E.T., De Feo, C.J., Unger, V.M. J. Biol. Chem. (2004) [Pubmed]
  3. Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis via the CDP-choline pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Multiple mechanisms of regulation. McMaster, C.R., Bell, R.M. J. Biol. Chem. (1994) [Pubmed]
  4. Primary structure of the yeast choline transport gene and regulation of its expression. Nikawa, J., Hosaka, K., Tsukagoshi, Y., Yamashita, S. J. Biol. Chem. (1990) [Pubmed]
  5. Co-regulation with genes of phospholipid biosynthesis of the CTR/HNM1-encoded choline/nitrogen mustard permease in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Li, Z., Brendel, M. Mol. Gen. Genet. (1993) [Pubmed]
  6. Hyper-resistance to nitrogen mustard in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is caused by defective choline transport. Li, Z.Y., Haase, E., Brendel, M. Curr. Genet. (1991) [Pubmed]
  7. A recessive mutant allele of the HNM1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is responsible for hyper-resistance to nitrogen mustard. Haase, E., Brendel, M. Curr. Genet. (1990) [Pubmed]
  8. Sensitivity to nitrogen mustard in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is independently determined by regulated choline permease and DNA repair. Li, Z., Brendel, M. Mutat. Res. (1994) [Pubmed]
  9. The carboxy terminus of Tub4p is required for gamma-tubulin function in budding yeast. Vogel, J., Snyder, M. J. Cell. Sci. (2000) [Pubmed]
  10. High affinity copper transport protein in the lizard Podarcis sicula: molecular cloning, functional characterization and expression in somatic tissues, follicular oocytes and eggs. Riggio, M., Lee, J., Scudiero, R., Parisi, E., Thiele, D.J., Filosa, S. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (2002) [Pubmed]
  11. Ctr1 drives intestinal copper absorption and is essential for growth, iron metabolism, and neonatal cardiac function. Nose, Y., Kim, B.E., Thiele, D.J. Cell metabolism. (2006) [Pubmed]
  12. Hypersaline stress induces the turnover of phosphatidylcholine and results in the synthesis of the renal osmoprotectant glycerophosphocholine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Kiewietdejonge, A., Pitts, M., Cabuhat, L., Sherman, C., Kladwang, W., Miramontes, G., Floresvillar, J., Chan, J., Ramirez, R.M. FEMS Yeast Res. (2006) [Pubmed]
  13. Choline transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Hosaka, K., Yamashita, S. J. Bacteriol. (1980) [Pubmed]
  14. Isolation and characterization of a SCT1 gene which can suppress a choline-transport mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Matsushita, M., Nikawa, J. J. Biochem. (1995) [Pubmed]
  15. Incorporation of extracellular phospholipids and their effect on the growth and lipid metabolism of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cho1/pss mutant. Yon, J.O., Nakamura, H., Ohta, A., Takagi, M. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (1998) [Pubmed]
  16. Expression of CTL1 in myelinating structures of Torpedo marmorata. Meunier, F.M., O'Regan, S. Neuroreport (2002) [Pubmed]
 
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