Disease relevance of Ovarian Follicle

• In Slpan and Slcon homozygous females, decreased Mgf mRNA expression causes sterility by affecting the initiation and maintenance of ovarian follicle development [1].
• The present observations indicate that hyperprolactinemia may impair the development of the ovarian follicles during their recruitment period, especially in women with relatively high serum T levels [2].
• Monitoring of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) treatment for induction of ovulation according to either preovulatory estrogen levels or the presence of a dominant ovarian follicle was found insufficient to prevent ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHS) [3].
• These features of IRS-1 and -2 expression were also noted in preantral and atretic follicles from patients with gestational diabetes mellitus compared with those who had uncomplicated pregnancy [4].
• CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography may serve to identify a substantial subset (approximately 40%) of premature ovarian failure patients with ovarian follicles and potential for fertility consistent with the diagnosis of resistant ovary syndrome [5].

High impact information on Ovarian Follicle

• Consistent with an involvement in those tissues, FOXL2 is selectively expressed in the mesenchyme of developing mouse eyelids and in adult ovarian follicles; in adult humans, it appears predominantly in the ovary [6].
• The yolk protein 1 gene (yp1) of Drosophila melanogaster is expressed only in the ovarian follicle cells and the fat bodies of adult females [7].
• Follicular plasminogen and plasminogen activator and the effect of plasmin on ovarian follicle wall [8].
• The suckling stimulus causes an increase in prolactin levels, and ovarian follicles fail to develop fully, thus inducing an anovulatory state throughout lactation in many mammals [9].
• Female mice lacking TAFII105 are viable but infertile because of a defect in folliculogenesis correlating with restricted expression of TAFII105 in the granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Ovarian Follicle

• Effects of sulpiride-induced hyperprolactinemia on human ovarian follicles during the late follicular phase [11].
• Women with ovarian cysts (or enlarged ovarian follicles >/=25 mm) were assessed weekly until disappearance or reduction of the image [including estradiol (E(2)) and progesterone (P) measurement], and women with no ovarian enlargement underwent the same evaluation for the same period of time [12].
• Preoperative levels of plasma androstenedione and urinary 17-ketosteroids were shown to increase in four patients with PCO containing atretic follicles with thecal cell hyperplasia, but not in one patient with slightly enlarged PCO containing atretic follicles without thecal cell hyperplasia [13].
• Treatment with 2.5 and 3.5 mg methyl parathion revealed no change in the ovarian weight with 48 and 42% hypertrophy, respectively, and no change in healthy and atretic follicles when compared with hemicastrated oil-treated controls [14].
• The hypothesis is proposed that histamine released from mast cells in the theca of ovarian follicles increases thecal hyperemia and vessel permeability, and thus plays a role in follicular growth in Anolis carolinensis [15].

Biological context of Ovarian Follicle

• NIRKO mice also exhibited impaired spermatogenesis and ovarian follicle maturation because of hypothalamic dysregulation of luteinizing hormone [16].
• A female-sterile allele of k43 specifically reduces chorion gene amplification in ovarian follicle cells. k43 was cloned by chromosomal walking, and the identification of the k43 gene was confirmed by phenotypic rescue and sequence analysis of mutant alleles [17].
• Mutant mice lacking OAS1D (Oas1d(-/-)) display reduced fertility due to defects in ovarian follicle development, decreased efficiency of ovulation, and eggs that are fertilized arrest at the one-cell stage [18].
• polyhomeotic is required for somatic cell proliferation and differentiation during ovarian follicle formation in Drosophila [19].
• The ph gene was recovered in the course of a gain-of-function screen aimed at identifying genes with a role during ovarian follicle formation in Drosophila, a process that involves coordinated proliferation and differentiation of two cell lineages, somatic and germline [19].

Anatomical context of Ovarian Follicle

• Finally, steroids promoted oocyte maturation in several ovarian follicle models, doing so by signaling through classical steroid receptors [20].
• A probe prepared from insert 4 hybridizes with an mRNA present only in tissues that are known producers of anti-Müllerian hormone, such as the fetal testis and adult ovarian follicles [21].
• In addition to its role in causing Müllerian duct regression, Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS) is implicated in the regulation of steroidogenesis, breast and prostate growth, and ovarian follicle recruitment, all of which are processes controlled or influenced by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis [22].
• N-cadherin was weak in atretic follicles and regressing corpora lutea [23].
• Granular deposits of mouse IgG and C3, and occasionally gp70 and denatured DNA, were found in the zona pellucida of mature and atretic follicles [24].

Associations of Ovarian Follicle with chemical compounds

• The alterations in morphology and function of the ovarian follicle as it matures, ovulates, and becomes a corpus luteum are dramatic [25].
• C/EBP beta is thus established as a critical downstream target of G-protein-coupled LH receptor signaling and one of the first transcription factors, other than steroid hormone receptors, known to be required for ovarian follicle development in vivo [26].
• In addition, increasing evidence demonstrates that Ang II is a major factor in regulating the function of atretic follicles [27].
• Progesterone concentration (mean +/- SEM; ng/ml) of FF was generally elevated in all preovulatory follicles (635 +/- 53) compared to immature or atretic follicles (230 +/- 64 and 76 +/- 17, respectively; P less than 0.05) [28].
• Localization of angiotensin II receptors in ovarian follicles and the identification of angiotensin II in rat ovaries [29].

Gene context of Ovarian Follicle

• Hsf2(-/-) females suffer from multiple fertility defects: the production of abnormal eggs, the reduction in ovarian follicle number and the presence of hemorrhagic cystic follicles are consistent with meiotic defects [30].
• Transcriptional repressor functions of Drosophila E2F1 and E2F2 cooperate to inhibit genomic DNA synthesis in ovarian follicle cells [31].
• The neurogenic locus brainiac cooperates with the Drosophila EGF receptor to establish the ovarian follicle and to determine its dorsal-ventral polarity [32].
• The interaction between brn and DER is also required for at least two earlier follicle cell activities which are necessary to establish the ovarian follicle [32].
• The daughterless gene functions together with Notch and Delta in the control of ovarian follicle development in Drosophila [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ovarian Follicle

• Clusterin expression in the healthy and atretic follicles was examined by immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses, and gene expression was examined by Northern blot analysis [34].
• Granulosa cell aspirates from human ovarian follicles were analyzed by flow cytometry to determine the fraction of cells in the DNA S-phase of the mitotic cell cycle [35].
• Inhibin alpha- and beta A mRNA were measured within individual ovarian follicles by in situ hybridization [36].
• Phosphorylation of mitochondrial proteins in isolated porcine ovarian follicles after treatment with luteinizing hormone [37].
• Using RT-PCR, we have detected mRNA expression of TGF-beta 1, T beta RII, as well as its downstream signaling molecules Smad2, 3, and 4 in ovarian follicles at different stages of development [38].

References