Disease relevance of Abruptio Placentae

• Tranexamic acid (AMCA) is an inhibitor of fibrinolysis used to treat fibrinolytic bleeding (e.g., menorrhagia and gastro-intestinal haemorrhage), and to prevent bleeding at surgery, in cases of abruptio placentae and general haemorrhage [1].
• Activated protein C is effective for disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with placental abruption [2].
• Folic acid and homocyst(e)ine metabolic defects and the risk of placental abruption, pre-eclampsia and spontaneous pregnancy loss: A systematic review [3].
• Cocaine use in pregnancy has been associated with preterm labor and abruptio placentae [4].
• We report here the first case of intravenous nitroglycerin use in a 20-week pregnant woman with abruptio placentae and hypertonia leading to in utero fetal death and difficult delivery [5].

High impact information on Abruptio Placentae

• In the pregnancies under study, four cocaine-using women had onset of labor with abruptio placentae immediately after intravenous self-injection of cocaine [6].
• CONCLUSION: The maternal MTHFR 677C-->T polymorphism was a risk factor for placental abruption [7].
• Thrombomodulin: a new marker for placental abruption [8].
• Placental abruption is associated with decreased maternal plasma levels of soluble HLA-G [9].
• Our objective, therefore, was to analyze the association between the Glu298Asp eNOS gene variant and placental abruption [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Abruptio Placentae

• Association between prostaglandin E2 and placental abruption [11].
• We report prolongation of a pregnancy for 7 weeks using ritodrine despite the presence of placental abruption [12].
• A rapid test for abruptio placentae: evaluation of a D-dimer latex agglutination slide test [13].
• High red cell folate was associated with a decreased risk for abruptio placentae and intrauterine growth restriction [14].
• Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated enhanced expression of inducible NO synthase and formation of nitrotyrosine, a footprint of peroxynitrite, in the placentae from patients with chorioamnionitis and also in patients with placental abruption [15].

Biological context of Abruptio Placentae

• OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to investigate whether the cytosine-to-thymine substitution at nucleotide 677 (C677T) in the 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene is a risk factor for placental vasculopathy (abruptio placentae or placental infarction with fetal growth restriction) [16].
• We postulated that apoptosis may lead to placental abruption, and its development may be prevented by treatment with urinary trypsin inhibitor [17].
• Furthermore, in the pre-eclampsia patients who subsequently developed abruptio placentae, the eNOS GT genotype emerged as a major risk factor for the development of abruptio placentae (p<0.0001) [18].
• We conclude that women who are 'QQ' homozygote for the MTHFD1 1258G --> A (R653Q) polymorphism are almost three times more likely to develop severe abruptio placentae during their pregnancy than women who are 'RQ' or 'RR.'[19]
• Several studies have suggested an increased incidence of abruptio placentae and stillbirths with cocaine use during pregnancy [20].

Anatomical context of Abruptio Placentae

• Only the risk of placental abruption and premature rupture of membranes were statistically associated with cocaine use itself [21].

Gene context of Abruptio Placentae

• This pilot study examined Factor V Leiden (R506Q), prothrombin (20210G-->A), thrombomodulin (A455V) and MTHFR (677C-->T) in 100 Zulu-speaking black South African women with placental abruption and 217 controls [22].
• IL-10 could be detected in the cases with chorioamnionitis and abruptio placentae [23].
• These data suggest that the presence of a Glu298Asp eNOS variant may pre-dispose a pre-eclamptic woman to develop abruptio placentae or that it is a marker for predisposition [18].
• This report describes a case of hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) presenting initially as a marginal placental abruption in a primiparous woman at 27 weeks gestation [24].
• CONCLUSION: Factor V Leiden mutation was found quite frequently in patients with abruptio placentae [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Abruptio Placentae

• Prophylaxis with salicylates and prednisone was started at the 8th week of gestation, and an offspring with mild thrombocytopenia was delivered by cesarean section at the 32nd week of gestation because of abruptio placentae [26].

References