Disease relevance of Stillbirth

• NALP7 is the first maternal effect gene identified in humans and is also responsible for recurrent spontaneous abortions, stillbirths and intrauterine growth retardation [1].
• Although the average litter size from the 20% protein groups with or without caffeine did not show much variation, fetal resorption and stillbirths were higher in litters from group 4 compared to those from group 3 [2].
• There were 9 abortions (18%), 7 stillbirths (14%), 2 neonatal deaths (4%) and 2 instances of warfarin embryopathy (4%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[3]
• Factors that significantly increased relative risk were tuberculosis of the mother during the index pregnancy and maternal epilepsy; factors that increased risk but not significantly were hyperemesis in the index pregnancy, a maternal history of stillbirths, and hernia and genitourinary defects in the child [4].
• There were more birth defects and stillbirths in cocaine-exposed offspring, however, there were no differences in male/female sex ratios or litter size in any group [5].

High impact information on Stillbirth

• The proportions of stillbirths and perinatal deaths were significantly lower in the mebendazole group (1.9 vs 3.3%, 0.55 [95% CI 0.4-0.77]), as was the proportion of low-birthweight babies (1.1 vs 2.3%, 0.47 [95% CI 0.32-0.71]) [6].
• Lead and cadmium levels in stillbirths [7].
• Overall risks for fetal wastage (spontaneous abortion, stillbirths, and neonatal deaths) were similar in women treated with OA throughout, compared with women treated with heparin in the first trimester [8].
• Using the data base of the Latin-American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC), for the years 1978 to 1983, on 349 470 births (live and stillbirths), a crude prevalence rate of 2.3/10 000 was observed [9].
• There were fewer stillbirths (OR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.15-0.97) and low-birthweight infants in the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis cohort (OR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.59-1.21) [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Stillbirth

• Animal studies have shown that bile acids are cardiotoxic, which may help explain the condition's association with fetal distress and stillbirths [11].
• In the first trial, treatment with fenbendazole during midgestation and early lactation, reduced miscarriages, stillbirths, mortality of ewes and their offspring [12].
• METHODS: For this descriptive study, we reviewed the medical records of infants with a posterolateral (Bochdalek) CDH and an associated LRD among 146 patients from the Sophia Children's Hospital, and among 810 infants and 36 stillbirths from the California Birth Defects Monitoring Program (CBDMP) [13].

Biological context of Stillbirth

• Data originated from the 1992 Trent Region Perinatal Mortality Survey. SAMPLE: One hundred and forty-nine antepartum stillbirths of at least 24 weeks of gestation confirmed by early ultrasound scan [14].
• Fifty-four pregnancies (65.9%) resulted in live births, 9 (11.0%) had stillbirths (all on warfarin), and 12 (14.6%) had spontaneous and 7 (8.5%) therapeutic abortions (all on warfarin) [15].
• Prolongation of the gestational period, food intake, and the number of neonatal deaths or stillbirths in 300-ppm-exposed dams showed evidence of styrene-related effects [16].
• When injected midway through parturition, carbachol and neostigmine reduced stillbirth rate by reducing stillbirths which occur late in farrowing [17].
• Concentration of MBL and IgA in UCB, gestational age, birth weight, number of siblings less than 3 years old, mother's smoking habits, alcohol and coffee consumption, educational and marital status and previous spontaneous abortions and stillbirths [18].

Anatomical context of Stillbirth

• RESULTS: We observed an intense somatostatin positivity in many brainstem nuclei prevalently involved in the respiratory activity (parabrachial/Kölliker-Fuse complex, locus coeruleus, hypoglossus nucleus, dorsal vagus motor nucleus, tractus solitarii nucleus, ambiguus nucleus, reticular formation) in stillbirths [19].
• Mucin histochemistry was performed on the squamocolumnar junction (Z-line) of the gastroesophageal region of 49 autopsied previable fetuses, stillbirths, infants, and young children, using alcian blue pH 2.5/periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue pH 1.0/PAS stains [20].

Associations of Stillbirth with chemical compounds

• Toluene treatment did not affect the number of implantations or stillbirths [21].
• In a case-control study spanning five years' experience at Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, we could demonstrate no plausible association between the use of spermicides, oral contraceptives, Bendectin, or antibiotics prior to conception and the occurrence of 73 nontraumatic stillbirths [22].
• The cocaine-treated group had a significant increase in embryonic resorptions but no significant effects on stillbirths or postnatal mortality [23].
• There were two early neonatal deaths in the magnesium sulphate group, and three stillbirths in the diazepam group [24].
• Cases with impaired glucose tolerance had no stillbirths and had a lower perinatal loss than the controls, though this was not statistically significant [25].

Gene context of Stillbirth

• Is G6PD A- deficiency associated with recurrent stillbirths in The Gambia [26]?
• Induced abortions were frequently omitted by the husbands (sensitivity, 35.1%), and events such as stillbirths or tubal pregnancies were too few in number to permit meaningful analysis [27].
• Two stillbirths and 3 neonatal deaths occurred in the positive CST group [28].
• We wished to determine whether the annual incidence of open NTDs in Nova Scotia, including those in stillbirths and terminated pregnancies, changed after the introduction of either folic acid supplementation or fortification [29].
• An analysis of women who were ever gravid revealed no statistically significant difference in any adverse pregnancy outcome between RA cases (n = 144) and controls (n = 605) including spontaneous abortions and stillbirths [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Stillbirth

• There were also dose-dependent effects on litter size, stillbirths and postnatal mortality in the cocaine-treated groups as compared to the control groups [31].
• After treatment, stillbirths/litter for carbachol-treated (0.06) and neostigmine-treated (0.09) pigs were both significantly different (P greater than 0.0001) from those for saline solution-treated control pigs (0.65) [17].
• In a retrospective study on 265 cases of sporadic bovine abortions, stillbirths, and neonatal deaths in Atlantic Canada (1990 to 2001), an etiological diagnosis was made in 117 cases (44.2%) [32].
• RESULTS: The average relative amount of RCAS1 was significantly lower in women with induced stillbirths than in women with induced labor at term [33].
• Toxoplasma antibody serological tests were carried out using the Dye test on sera of pregnant and postpartum Nigerian women to investigate whether there was any association between the levels of antibody titres and the occurrence of stillbirths and congenital malformations [34].

References