Disease relevance of Physical Examination

• Fifteen patients with chronic hepatitis B were randomly assigned to receive fialuridine at a dose of either 0.10 or 0.25 mg per kilogram of body weight per day for 24 weeks and were monitored every 1 to 2 weeks by means of a physical examination, blood tests, and testing for hepatitis B virus markers [1].
• These data, along with history and physical examination findings, suggest that niacin deficiency is not responsible for the rash, which is more characteristic of an acquired ichthyosis [2].
• BACKGROUND: The value of the history and physical examination in diagnosing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is uncertain [3].
• Two hundred and six household contacts of 90 patients with AIDS were evaluated with detailed interviews, physical examinations, and detection of HIV antibodies and p24 antigen from 1984 to 1987; 118 of these contacts were re-evaluated 6-12 months after cessation of household contact or death of the patient [4].
• A woman with chronic rheumatoid arthritis and severe granulocytopenia but without splenic enlargement by physical examination or radionuclide scanning was studied for granulocyte-bound immunoglobulin G (IgG) and serum antigranulocyte antibodies [5].

Psychiatry related information on Physical Examination

• Predictor variables included all physical examination elements, measures of injury severity (initial Glasgow Coma Scale score, duration of post-traumatic amnesia [PTA], length of coma, CT scan pathology), gender, age, and years of education [6].
• Chronic episodic disorders, such as depressive disorders, IBS, migraine, and FMS, have important commonalities, including cormorbidities, an absence of classic anatomic pathology in the tissues, a lack of objective findings on physical examination, and a lack of abnormal findings by routine laboratory and radiologic tests [7].

High impact information on Physical Examination

• We studied relatives of 59 index patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy of obtaining a family history and performing a physical examination, electrocardiography, and two-dimensional, M-mode, and Doppler echocardiography [8].
• Throughout the follow-up period, all patients had normal testicular function as determined by Tanner staging at physical examination and by serum gonadotropin and testosterone levels [9].
• OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the precision and accuracy of history taking and physical examination in diagnosing CTS in adults [10].
• One hundred healthy women were examined prospectively during their annual physical examination for any of the preliminary criteria of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [11].
• Most postulated predictors (age, type and duration of incontinence, medications including diuretics and estrogen, obstetric history, physical examination, and urodynamic findings) were not predictive of treatment outcomes [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Physical Examination

• Safety assessments based on adverse events, vital sign measurements, electrocardiographs, physical examinations, and clinical laboratory tests revealed no serious adverse events or organ toxicity associated with nefazodone or sertraline administration [13].
• When considered along with the history and physical examination of the patient, determination of lactic acid proved to be a rapid and reliable diagnostic test for the early detection of untreated as well as partially treated pyogenic meningitis [14].
• STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess the accuracy of the history and physical examination as compared to the addition of serum progesterone screening for ectopic pregnancy in women presenting to the emergency department [15].
• The physical examination showed no abnormal findings except mild hypertension, but the laboratory data revealed low levels of plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone and serum potassium [16].
• RESULTS: In patients with jaundice and encephalopathy, a liver span of greater than 9 cm on physical examination, thrombocytopenia, elevated alkaline phosphatase level, aspartate aminotransferase level greater than alanine aminotransferase level, and only mild prolongation of the prothrombin time suggested a diagnosis of typhoid fever [17].

Biological context of Physical Examination

• STUDY DESIGN: One hundred thirty-nine children underwent physical examination for AN, body composition studies, an oral glucose tolerance test, and a hyperglycemic clamp [18].
• A prospective evaluation of 149 patients with Dukes' B2 or C colorectal carcinoma, including periodic history, physical examination, chest radiograph, liver function tests, complete blood count, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) radioimmunoassay, barium enema, and endoscopic studies, has been underway since 1976 [19].
• Semen analyses were performed every 2 weeks; physical examination and chemistry, hematology, gonadotropin, and testosterone measurements were performed every 4 weeks [20].
• METHODS: A total of 1374 patients (678 female, 696 male) listed with a general practice clinic in Denmark were given an oral glucose tolerance test, a physical examination, and a self-administered questionnaire [21].
• Diagnostic procedures in gynecologic urology are no longer limited to the medical history, physical examination, and Marshall test [22].

Anatomical context of Physical Examination

• MEASUREMENTS: History, physical examination, chest radiograph, quantitative gallium lung scanning, respiratory function tests, bronchoalveolar lavage, and lavage lymphocyte subset analysis [23].
• In 1996, in addition to an in-depth interview, 12 patients underwent an extensive physical examination, laboratory evaluation, HLA-A, B, C, and DR typing, bone radiography and scintigraphy, and computed tomography scan of the sternoclavicular and sacroiliac joints [24].
• Four children with no thyroid abnormalities evident on physical examination, with negative thyroid scans, and with normal levels of plasma thyrocalcitonin both before and after calcium infusion, were found to have elevated peripheral levels of this hormone following pentagastrin injection [25].
• Many believed that tests should be part of an annual physical examination, including mammography (44%), a lipid panel (48%), urinalysis (44%), testing of blood glucose level (46%), and complete blood cell count (39%) [26].
• At the first survey and during follow-up, a standardized questionnaire was used, serum total IgE and peripheral blood eosinophils were measured, and physical examination, skin tests, lung function tests, and histamine challenge (provocative concentration causing a 10% decline in FEV(1); PC(10)) tests were performed according to the same protocol [27].

Associations of Physical Examination with chemical compounds

• At each examination all members of the family gave a history and had a physical examination, urine analysis, and appropriate cultures; antistreptococcal antibody titres and serum C3 were determined [28].
• Tools for diagnosis and management have not changed much in the past two decades, and include the clinical history, physical examination, tests for specific IgE antibody to suspected foods, elimination diets, oral food challenges, and provision of medications such as epinephrine for emergency treatment [29].
• During a mean follow-up interval of 38 months, the degree and extent of skin thickness, determined on physical examination, decreased considerably more in the patients treated with D-penicillamine than in patients in the comparison group (p = 0.07) [30].
• However, all the diagnostic studies used for assessing the liver, including physical examination, serum liver enzyme and bilirubin measurements, and radionuclide liver scan, were only moderately accurate [31].
• In the 1,141 men with 3 serial physical examinations, who developed no diseases and who took no drugs known to affect uric acid levels, levels rose from means below 5.5 mg/dl in 1961--1963 to means above 6.5 mg/dl in 1975--1978 [32].

Gene context of Physical Examination

• METHODS: We obtained detailed medical histories, did physical examinations, measured concentrations of lipoproteins, and harvested genomic DNA from 28 Sardinians with ARH from 17 unrelated families [33].
• Physical examination of the IA-2(- /-) animals and histological examination of tissues failed to reveal any abnormalities [34].
• Besides clearly defined NDI symptoms caused by deletion of the AVPR2 gene, no major morphological abnormalities as determined by physical examination, radiography, ultrasound, and computed tomographic scan were detected [35].
• METHODS: Clinical and hormonal characterization included physical examination and measurement of GH, IGF-I, IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), cortisol, prolactin, LH, FSH, and free thyroxine (FT4) [36].
• Standardized history and physical examination data were recorded, as were the results of serial blood sampling for S-Mgb, CA-III, and CK-MB at 0, 1, and 3 hours after patient presentation [37].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Physical Examination

• METHODS: Patients with well-defined PBC underwent complete history, physical examination, liver chemistries, ultrasonography, upper endoscopy, and liver biopsy at entry as well as at 2 years [38].
• Alzheimer disease (AD) is a diagnosis of inclusion based on patient history, physical examination, neuropsychological testing, and laboratory studies; however, there is no definitive diagnostic test for AD [39].
• METHODS: As part of a population-based cohort study, 625 individuals aged 50-74 years, stratified according to age, sex and glucose tolerance status, underwent an extensive physical examination [40].
• History, physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiogram were performed in 52 consecutive long-term cocaine abusers admitted to a drug rehabilitation program [41].
• In an effort to characterize this syndrome in a middle class population, 14 consecutive patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy underwent a detailed history and physical examination, right heart catheterization, M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography, radionuclide ventriculography and right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy [42].

References