Disease relevance of Metatarsal Bones

• OBJECTIVE: To define the clinical, radiologic, and molecular genetic characteristics of a family with early progressive osteoarthritis mimicking childhood rheumatoid arthritis, Scheuermann-like changes of the spine, tall stature, short 3 and 4 metatarsals, and moderate sensorineural hearing loss [1].
• In this study we investigated the capacity of M-CSF and other cytokines and hormones, alone or in combination, to induce bone resorption in explants of op/op metatarsals and metacarpals prelabeled with 45Ca [2].
• The metatarsal cytochemical bioassay of parathyroid hormone: validation, specificity, and application to the study of pseudohypoparathyroidism type I [3].
• One infection in a diabetic patient did not respond; despite high concentrations of cefazolin in serum, no detectable antibiotic was present in her infected metatarsal, and the infecting Escherichia coli (minimal inhibitory concentration, 16 micrograms/ml) was not eradicated during therapy [4].
• The discrepancy between strength and plantar pressure values in metatarsals 2 and 3 is consistent with the high incidence of stress fractures in these bones and underscores the importance of soft tissues, such as the plantar fascia and flexor musculature, in moderating metatarsal shaft strain [5].

High impact information on Metatarsal Bones

• Furthermore, FGF treatment of metatarsal rudiments from wild-type and STAT-1(-/-) murine embryos produces a drastic impairment of chondrocyte proliferation and bone development in wild-type, but not in STAT-1(-/-) rudiments [6].
• PTH treatment of p57-null metatarsals had no effect on proliferation rate in round proliferative chondrocytes but still stimulated proliferation in columnar chondrocytes [7].
• In an in vitro embryonic metatarsal rudiment culture system, we found that TGF-beta1 significantly inhibits chondrocyte differentiation of wild-type metatarsal rudiments [8].
• These effects are attenuated in metatarsal rudiments in which RA induces the invasion of perichondrial osteogenic cells from the perichondrium into the cartilage rudiment [9].
• We have found that all-trans retinoic acid (RA), which usually downregulates MMPs, strongly induces collagenase-3 expression in cultures of embryonic metatarsal cartilage rudiments and in chondrocytic cells [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Metatarsal Bones

• The effects of dicumarol on ossification have been tested by feeding it to rats in which a closed fracture of the metatarsals had been induced; the effects were studied up to 12 days postfracture [10].
• 3. In general, the order of sensitivity of the vessels to inhibition of agonist induced contractures by nifedipine was basilar arteries greater than metatarsal veins = digital arteries = rat aorta [11].
• Ninety ASA physical status I or II patients scheduled for bunionectomy or hammer toe repair were randomized to receive ankle or metatarsal blocks with plain 1.73% lidocaine (Group L), 1.73% lidocaine with 10 micrograms/mL of clonidine added (Group C10), or 1.73% lidocaine with 20 micrograms/mL clonidine (Group C20) [12].
• Phytase supplementation increased (P < .01) weight gain, gain:feed, and metatarsal ash, whereas citric acid addition increased only gain:feed (P < .05) and metatarsal ash (P < .08) [13].
• 1. Reflex muscle atrophy was induced in rats by fracturing the metatarsal bones of one hind paw and injecting 0.02 ml turpentine oil into the planta under shortlasting ether anaesthesia [14].

Biological context of Metatarsal Bones

• The data show that, towards term in the horse fetus, the increase in arterial blood pressure occurs together with reductions in metatarsal vascular resistance, elevations in plasma concentrations of cortisol, vasopressin, adrenaline and noradrenaline, and falls in the fetal : maternal ratio of blood P(a,O(2)) and glucose concentration [15].
• An adult first metatarsal is similar in size and discrete anatomical features to those from Holocene burials in the Cape Province [16].
• In fracture-healing in the rat metatarsal the primary source of these reducing equivalents appears to be NADPH, generated from glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity [17].
• We studied Ecm1 mRNA expression and localization during endochondral bone formation and investigated the effect of recombinant human (rh) Ecm1a protein on organ cultures of embryonic mouse metatarsals [18].
• Locally produced estrogen promotes fetal rat metatarsal bone growth; an effect mediated through increased chondrocyte proliferation and decreased apoptosis [19].

Anatomical context of Metatarsal Bones

• The present study deals with the detection of a specific retinoic acid-binding protein from chick embryo metatarsal skin that may be mediating these biological effects [20].
• We have previously demonstrated that nociceptive stimulation (metatarsal injection of formalin) caused a tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive release of Asp and a TTX-insensitive release of Glu from the dorsal spinal cord [21].
• To determine whether cholesterol deficiency affects bone growth directly at the growth plate, we then cultured fetal rat metatarsal bones in the presence of AY 9944 [22].
• Expression of calcitonin receptors during osteoclast differentiation in mouse metatarsals [23].
• Osteocalcin was expressed specifically by osteoblasts in the developing metatarsals [24].

Associations of Metatarsal Bones with chemical compounds

• Lastly, AY 9944 decreased the expression of Ihh in the metatarsal growth plate [22].
• Metatarsal density correlated with estradiol levels only in the dancers (r = 0.34, P less than 0.02) [25].
• OBJECTIVE: We studied the relationship between vasoconstrictor changes in foot arteries (pedal, metatarsal, and digital arteries) and autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients to estimate the degrees of sympathetic dysfunction [26].
• RESULTS: DH Pressure Relief Walkers reduced plantar pressures significantly better than other commercially available treatments for ulcers under the first metatarsal, second through fifth metatarsals, and great toe (P < 0.05) [27].
• Fetal mouse metatarsals were cultured for up to 10 d with dexamethasone (Dex; 10(-6) m) and/or IGF-I and GH (both at 100 ng/ml) [28].

Gene context of Metatarsal Bones

• Interactions between FGFR3- and PTHrP-receptor-mediated signals during endochondral ossification were examined with embryonic metatarsal bones maintained in culture under defined conditions [29].
• Previously, we have shown that PTHrP also acts downstream of transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) in a common signaling cascade to regulate hypertrophic differentiation in embryonic mouse metatarsal organ cultures [30].
• The cultured mutant metatarsal bones failed to response to TGF-beta1, while the hypertrophic differentiation was largely inhibited by Sonic hedgehog (Shh) [31].
• Furthermore, BMP-7 could still inhibit terminal chondrocyte differentiation in the metatarsals of PTHrP-deficient (PTHrP-/-) mouse embryos [32].
• In addition, precocious expression of Bmp7 in the metatarsal epidermis of the Silkie mutant or treatment of the metatarsus with ectopic BMP7 protein results in feather development from scale forming integument [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Metatarsal Bones

• Correction of deformity appears to be achieved by the transferred extensor hallucis longus elevating the first metatarsal neck and by the flexor hallucis longus flexing the rigid toe obtained by interphalangeal arthrodesis [34].
• The 10 women with LI and a tibial or metatarsal fracture showed a 19% lower femoral BMD than all the other women in the densitometry subsample of 3222 women (p < 0.001) [35].
• We describe 2 men with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis who presented non-union of bone after osteotomy of the tibia in one case and of a metatarsal bone in the second [36].
• In situ hybridization and semi-quantitative RT-PCR were used to determine the effects of TGF-beta on Ank expression in metatarsal organ cultures [37].
• Effects of acetylpromazine on the hemodynamics of the equine metatarsal artery, as determined by two-dimensional real-time and pulsed Doppler ultrasonography [38].

References