Disease relevance of Periapical Tissue

• Histological and histochemical study of the influence of lipopolysaccharide extracted from Fusobacterium nucleatum on the periapical tissues in the monkey Macaca fascicularis [1].
• Tumor necrosis factor identified in periapical tissue exudates of teeth with apical periodontitis [2].
• CONCLUSIONS: Black-pigmented Bacteroides are capable of amplifying the local immune response and promoting pulpal/periapical tissue inflammation by stimulating pulp fibroblasts and osteoblasts to express IL-8 [3].

High impact information on Periapical Tissue

• Cryostat sections of surgically removed periapical tissues were also immunohistochemically examined for iNOS, IFN-gamma and IL-1 beta [4].
• Therefore, the long-term effects of CO2 laser on the apical and periapical tissues were examined histologically in dogs 6 months after apical surgery [5].
• RNA was isolated from periapical tissue by using a guanidinium isothiocyanate-acid phenol procedure (TRIZOL LS Reagent, GIBCO BRL, Rockville, MD). cDNAs were amplified by means of oligonucleotides targeting highly conserved regions of the test viruses and the RT-PCR-100 amplification kit (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO) [6].
• Immunologically, some anti IL-2 and anti CD4-reactive helper T-lymphocytes infiltrated the periapical tissue at 14 days, and their numbers increased at 28 days [7].
• STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Coronal leakage can produce contamination of periapical tissues, resulting in endodontic failure [8].

Biological context of Periapical Tissue

• These results indicate that proinflammatory cytokines can induce t-PA gene expression and such an effect may partially contribute to the destruction of pulpal and periapical tissues through dysregulated pericellular proteolysis [9].

Anatomical context of Periapical Tissue

• The purpose of this study was to observe the influence of coronal leakage on the behavior of periapical tissues after root canal filling and post space preparation [10].

Associations of Periapical Tissue with chemical compounds

• KEY LEARNING POINTS: Extensive extrusion of calcium hydroxide into the periapical tissues does not appear to comprise periapical healing [11].
• Sodium hypochlorite injection into periapical tissues [12].
• Anti-inflammatory effects of dexamethasone on periapical tissues following endodontic overinstrumentation [13].
• The majority of the experimental teeth showed increased number of CGRP-IR nerves in the coronal pulp and periapical tissues [14].
• RNA was isolated from periapical tissue by a guanidinium isothiocyanate-acid phenol procedure. cDNAs were generated from highly conserved regions of the test viruses using a preamplification kit [15].

Gene context of Periapical Tissue

• CONCLUSIONS: The findings demonstrate the presence of MMP-8 in the inflamed pulp and periapical tissue, indicating that MMP-8 has a role in pulpal and periapical inflammation, most likely participating in tissue extracellular matrix degradation [16].
• Cells that express interleukin-1 alpha were identified in pulp beginning on day 2 after exposure and in periapical tissue beginning on day 7, as determined by in situ hybridization and immunostaining [17].
• Obturated and unfilled canal space and the status of periapical tissues were evaluated according to the PAI index [18].
• These results demonstrated that in human periapical tissue cytokines differentially and specifically regulate expression of TIMP-1 mRNA [19].
• OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to quantify the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (RA), IL-6, and transforming growth factor beta(1) found in extracts of inflammatory periapical tissues and to study the effect of a new antibiotic (linezolid) on the levels of these cytokines [20].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Periapical Tissue

• An animal model was developed in which the anti-inflammatory effects of dexamethasone could be examined histologically in periapical tissues following endodontic overinstrumentation [13].
• However, 3 weeks after axotomy, a number of VIP-containing nerve fibres were found in the molar pulp and apical periodontium [21].

References