Disease relevance of Community-Acquired Infections

• Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of nosocomial infections worldwide, and the rate of resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics, such as methicillin, is increasing; furthermore, there has been an increase in the number of methicillin-resistant S. aureus community-acquired infections [1].
• Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is responsible for an increasing number of serious nosocomial and community-acquired infections [2].
• With the increasing incidence of MRSA nosocomial infections, the emergence of MRSA in a hitherto community-acquired infection poses a major concern especially since intravenous drug abuse and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are on the rise in our country [3].

High impact information on Community-Acquired Infections

• Among patients with HCV-related HCC, a history of blood transfusion was a relatively important source of infection in the 1990s, whereas community-acquired infections increased after 2000 [4].
• The efficacy, safety profile and pharmacodynamic attributes of tigecycline support its continuing clinical development as empirical parenteral treatment of challenging nosocomial and community-acquired infections, including those caused by proven or suspected resistant pathogens [5].
• Cefdinir (Omnicef) is an oral third-generation cephalosporin with good in vitro activity against many pathogens commonly causative in community-acquired infections [6].
• Cefuroxime axetil may be considered as an empirical therapy for a range of community-acquired infections, including those in which beta-lactamase-producing strains of common respiratory pathogens are identified as the causative organisms [7].
• The incidence of bacterial species and their susceptibilities to ceftriaxone and other beta-lactams from patients with community-acquired infections were evaluated in a multicenter study over a 4-month period [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Community-Acquired Infections

• Since dirithromycin is at least as well tolerated as erythromycin, with its convenient administration schedule and pharmacokinetic profile it is a useful alternative to erythromycin in the treatment of appropriate community-acquired infections [9].
• These properties of azithromycin strongly support the further evaluation of this new macrolide for use in community-acquired infections of skin or soft tissue and respiratory diseases [10].
• In conclusion, clarithromycin, because of its antibacterial activity and pharmacokinetic properties, appears to be a useful alternative to other macrolides in the treatment of community acquired infections [11].
• Treatment of complicated community-acquired infections with ertapenem, the first Group 1 carbapenem. Introduction [12].
• Low dose ceftriaxone versus ampicillin/gentamicin combination in the treatment of serious community-acquired infections in the elderly [13].

Biological context of Community-Acquired Infections

• BACKGROUND: USA300, a clone of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, is a major source of community-acquired infections in the USA, Canada, and Europe. Our aim was to sequence its genome and compare it with those of other strains of S aureus to try to identify genes responsible for its distinctive epidemiological and virulence properties [14].

Anatomical context of Community-Acquired Infections

• BACKGROUND: Alcohol consumption increases community-acquired infections and affects the immune system [15].
• Most children had multifocal disease (67%) and normal cardiac valves (95%); the few children (12%) presenting with methicillin resistant S aureus (MRSA) had community acquired infection [16].

Gene context of Community-Acquired Infections

• While the number of characterised beta-lactamases may exceed 100, only a few are a problem in the treatment of community-acquired infections (TEM-1, TEM-2, SHV-1, BRO-1) [17].
• The beta-lactamase genes of randomly selected 24 strains from community-acquired infection and 7 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) strains were identified by PCR and DNA sequencing [18].
• To differentiate between nosocomial transmission and community-acquired infection, a polymerase chain reaction-based sequencing assay was developed for the 5' noncoding region of the PIV-3 fusion protein gene and was applied to virus specimens from 10 children infected with PIV-3 during a hospital outbreak [19].
• Interestingly, the pediatric clone, isolated from most community-acquired infections in Cordoba, was characterized by ST100, a single-locus variant of ST5 and a new variant of SCCmec type related to SCCmec type IVc [20].
• Detection of new methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones containing the toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 gene responsible for hospital- and community-acquired infections in France [21].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Community-Acquired Infections

• RESULTS: Bacterial pneumonia was diagnosed in 111 hospitalizations (9%): 80 (72%) were community-acquired infections [22].

References