Disease relevance of cefuroxime

• Ceftriaxone versus cefuroxime for meningitis in children [1].
• A comparison of ceftriaxone and cefuroxime for the treatment of bacterial meningitis in children [2].
• At follow-up examination two months later, moderate-to-profound hearing loss was present in two children (4 percent) treated with ceftriaxone and in nine (17 percent) treated with cefuroxime (P = 0.05); other neurologic abnormalities were similar in the two treatment groups [2].
• CONCLUSIONS: The addition of fluticasone to xylometazoline and antimicrobial therapy with cefuroxime improves clinical success rates and accelerates recovery of patients with a history of chronic rhinitis or recurrent sinusitis who present for treatment of acute rhinosinusitis [3].
• Cefuroxime resistance in Haemophilus influenzae [4].

Psychiatry related information on cefuroxime

• Assessment of infant development during an 18-month follow-up after treatment of infections in pregnant women with cefuroxime axetil [5].
• METHODS: One hundred and six women who received cefuroxime during the first trimester of pregnancy were recruited from three teratogen information centres in Israel. Exposed women were paired for age, smoking habits and alcohol consumption with references being exposed to nonteratogenic antibiotics administered for the same indications [6].
• Shortened-course therapy with agents such as cefuroxime axetil has the potential to improve patient compliance and so reduce the rate of clinical failure and the emergence of resistant strains [7].

High impact information on cefuroxime

• After 18 to 36 hours of therapy, cultures of cerebrospinal fluid remained positive for 1 of the 52 children (2 percent) receiving ceftriaxone for whom cultures were available and 6 of 52 (12 percent) receiving cefuroxime (P = 0.11) [2].
• We conclude that cefuroxime given early in necrotising pancreatitis is beneficial and may reduce mortality, probably by decreasing the frequency of sepsis [8].
• Ampicillin and cephalosporin (86% cefuroxime) consumptions were inversely related, which probably explained the paradox that cephalosporin use (and therefore less ampicillin use) was negatively correlated with the carriage of Klebsiella spp strains resistant to ampicillin, cefuroxime, and cephalexin [9].
• Comparison of once daily ceftriaxone with gentamicin plus cefuroxime for treatment of serious bacterial infections [10].
• 62% of the total episodes were managed successfully with intraperitoneal cefuroxime. in 13 (16%) patients, CAPD failed because of peritonitis [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of cefuroxime

• We enrolled 200 infants and older children with bacterial meningitis in two prospective double-blind, placebo-controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy of dexamethasone therapy in addition to either cefuroxime (Study 1) or ceftriaxone (Study 2) [12].
• OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of cefuroxime axetil and doxycycline in the treatment of patients with Lyme disease associated with erythema migrans [13].
• On the contrary, the recommended therapy for nonmeningeal pneumococcal infections (e.g., pneumonia, sepsis, acute otitis media) includes a beta-lactam antibiotic: penicillin G, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, or ceftriaxone [14].
• Thirty-one of 34 pneumonias were clinically cured or improved at the end of therapy; the three pneumonia treatment failures occurred in the lower dose cefuroxime (n = 2) and cefaclor (n = 1) treatment groups [15].
• Of the second-generation cephalosporins cefamandole, cefuroxime, and cefoxitin, only cefuroxime has proved efficacy in meningitis caused by meningococci, pneumococci, or Hemophilus influenzae [16].

Biological context of cefuroxime

• The mutation at E104M was responsible for the increased hydrolysis rate against cefuroxime shown by the double mutant E104/G238S [17].
• Pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime axetil suspension in infants and children [18].
• The poor performance of cefuroxime axetil is explained by variable bioavailability [19].
• Cefuroxime obeyed two-compartment model kinetics in all three groups [20].
• A prospective double blind, randomised study was performed in 100 patients undergoing major elective thoracic surgery to assess a new method of prophylaxis of wound infection using one preincisional intraparietal infiltration of cefuroxime sodium along the line of proposed incision as the sole protection against wound infection [21].

Anatomical context of cefuroxime

• A single oral dose of lomefloxacin was as efficacious and as safe as a single intravenous dose of cefuroxime for prevention of postoperative urinary tract infection in patients undergoing transurethral surgery [22].
• Adverse events (intravenous catheter site reactions, gastrointestinal tract disturbances) were significantly more common in patients who received cefuroxime plus erythromycin (49% [30/78]) than in patients who received azithromycin (12% [8/67]) (P<.001) [23].
• Antibiotic use after cefuroxime prophylaxis in hip and knee joint replacement [24].
• Prospective randomized comparison of cefodizime versus cefuroxime for perioperative prophylaxis in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting [25].
• The penetration of cefetamet and cefuroxime into the maxillary sinus mucosa after the administration of cefetamet pivoxil and cefuroxime axetil was investigated in patients undergoing elective surgery of the maxillary sinus [26].

Associations of cefuroxime with other chemical compounds

• The high resolution structure of a complex between S-PBP2x* and cefuroxime revealed that Gln552 and Thr550, which belong to strand beta3, are in direct contact with the cephalosporin [27].
• The structure of a chromosomal extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) having the ability to hydrolyze cephalosporins including cefuroxime and ceftazidime has been determined by X-ray crystallography to 1.75 A resolution [28].
• The in vitro activity of fludalanine ( MK641 ) combined with pentizidone ( MK642 ) so as to give a fludalanine /D-cycloserine ratio of 1:1 was compared with the activities of ampicillin, ticarcillin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, and trimethoprim against 452 recent isolates and known beta-lactam- and trimethoprim-resistant strains [29].
• The selective pressure after 4 h of exposure to different concentrations of amoxicillin, cefixime, cefuroxime, and cefotaxime for low-level or high-level penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae was evaluated in an in vitro model with mixed populations with penicillin susceptibilities of 0.015, 0.5, 1, and 2 micrograms/ml [30].
• Pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime axetil and cefaclor: relationship of concentrations in serum to MICs for common respiratory pathogens [31].

Gene context of cefuroxime

• Conclusion: These results indicate a modulation of the expression density of CD14 on monocytes, together with a shift from a balanced to an inflammatory cytokine release pattern, by cefuroxime and cefotaxime [32].
• A number-needed-to-treat (NNT) analysis showed that, with MRSA prevalence at 15%, cefuroxime plus gentamicin at induction could prevent one MRSA infection per 421 treated patients compared with cefuroxime alone [33].
• In contrast, cefuroxime and benzylpenicillin did not up-regulate ICAM-1 above background levels [34].
• IL-6 levels in rats treated with cefuroxime were lower than in rats treated with tobramycin or vancomycin and the control group [35].
• Cefuroxime decreased IL-10 levels more than ciprofloxacin or vancomycin or those seen in the control group [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of cefuroxime

• In a prospective, randomized, double-blind study the effects on infection rates of a 1-day and a 3-day course of cefuroxime versus placebo were studied in patients undergoing peripheral vascular surgery [36].
• Furthermore, the use of cefuroxime and/or prior antibiotics in the control group, before the pneumonia episode, had a protective effect against its development [37].
• A microbiological disk diffusion assay and a high-pressure liquid chromatography assay for cefuroxime yielded statistically identical results, except for serum levels in uremic patients (group 3) [20].
• Comparison between agar and broth minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefamandole, Cefoxitin, and cefuroxime [38].
• From a bioavailability point of view, therefore, the effects mentioned above can explain the variable and poor bioavailability following oral administration of cefuroxime axetil [39].

References