Disease relevance of Copepoda

• A comparative assessment of azinphosmethyl bioaccumulation and toxicity in two estuarine meiobenthic harpacticoid copepods [1].
• Forty-one Tnpho A mutants of Vibrio cholerae O1 classical strain CD81 were analyzed for their ability to interact with chitin particles, Tigriopus fulvus copepods and the Intestine 407 cell line compared to the parent strain [2].

High impact information on Copepoda

• Cholera, copepods, and chitinase [3].
• The most important metazoan parasites of farmed Atlantic salmon are the sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus elongatus [4].
• Sugar competition experiments showed interference with adhesion to both copepods and chitin by GlcNAc and only to copepods by D-mannose [5].
• These primer pairs, as well as the previously designed primer pairs for the small ribosomal RNA (srRNA) gene (500 bp), were applied for 20 species representing four orders of both calanoid and non-calanoid copepods and amplification of sequences from at least one species from each order was successful [6].
• Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for individual polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in Barents Sea and White Sea marine calanoid copepods were 1-3 orders of magnitude higher than BAFs in the same species in Canadian and Alaskan Arctic Ocean areas, and in freshwater plankton (Lake Ontario) reported from the mid- to early 1980s [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of Copepoda

• While 20-hydroxyecdysone and DES were highly toxic, the other compounds tested show no significant toxicity to copepods [8].
• Toxicity of methoprene to all stages of the salt marsh copepod, Apocyclops spartinus (Cyclopoida) [9].

Biological context of Copepoda

• In herbivorous copepods, cholesta-5,24-dien-3beta-ol increased by a factor of 1.5 to about 45% during the main feeding period in summer; this sterol is a metabolic precursor of cholest-5-en-3beta-ol in the process of the dealkylation of dietary C-24 alkylated phytosterols [10].
• A total of 210 Lepeophtheirus salmonis collected from 7 locations (Scotland, Russia, Canada, Japan and 3 locations in Norway), were screened for sequence variation in 4 mitochondrial genes; ATPase subunit 6 (A6), Cytochrome b oxidase subunit I (COI), Cytochrome b (Cyt b) and 16S rRNA [11].
• Biomass, feeding and metabolic rates of planktonic copepods were studied in an oligotrophic area of the tropical Atlantic Ocean during an instability wave period (boreal summer) and a stratified period (boreal winter) [12].

Anatomical context of Copepoda

• We tested the hypothesis that copepods maintain the cholesterol contents of their biological membranes despite varying dietary levels of cholesterol [13].
• Such a decrease in carotenoid reserves may also have a negative impact on the copepods' immune system as individuals that decreased their reserves suffered higher parasite prevalence upon exposure to the cestode Schistocephalus solidus [14].

Associations of Copepoda with chemical compounds

• As fipronil (1) has a high K(ow), (2) is persistent in sediments where meiobenthic copepods live, and (3) has been detected in estuarine waters >0.7 microg/L, it may pose high risk to copepod production in estuarine systems [15].
• Omnivorous and carnivorous copepods showed average levels of cholesta-5,24-dien-3beta-ol below 25% [10].
• When exposed to the same number of coracidia, copepods harboured considerably less procercoids in the trials where ciliates or Artemia salina nauplii were given as alternative food items [16].
• The two copepod fatty acid analyses differed quantitatively in triglyceride 20:1 and 22:1 and also in 20:5 omega 3 and 22:6 omega 3, confirming the primary role of the wax esters in copepods [17].
• Three species of reptiles, Natrix natrix, Natrix tessellata and Lacerta viridis, were fed with experimentally infected copepods containing a large number of infective plerocercoids I [18].

Gene context of Copepoda

• The frequency of females carrying egg sacs was lower among infected than among exposed uninfected and unexposed copepods [16].
• The elimination rate constants of DDT by the copepods were comparable following uptake from the diet and from the water [19].
• Stage-I juvenile copepods were individually reared to adults in aqueous microvolumes of the phenylpyrazole insecticide, fipronil, and whole-body homogenate extracts were assayed for VTN levels [20].
• The need for speed. I. Fast reactions and myelinated axons in copepods [21].
• The main species were: Argyrodiaptomus furcatus (Sars), Notodiaptomus iheringi (Wright), Mesocyclops longisetus (Thiébaud), Thermocyclops decipiens (Fischer), and T. minutus (Lowndes) [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Copepoda

• Aqueous, pore-water, and whole-sediment bioassays were conducted with meiobenthic copepods with different infaunal lifestyles to assess the acute and chronic toxicity of the organophosphorous pesticide azinphosmethyl (APM) and its bioaccumulation potential in sediments [1].
• This crustacean VTN ELISA is likely useful for evaluating endocrine activity of environmental toxicants in copepods and other crustacean species [20].
• Monoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds including 3-carene, alpha-terpinene, alpha-copaene, alpha-longipinene, alpha-cedrene, and delta-cadinene were found in hexane extracts of copepods by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses [23].

References