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Chemical Compound Review

cholesterol     (3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)- 10,13-dimethyl...

Synonyms: Cordulan, Dusoline, Lidinite, Dusoran, Lidinit, ...
 
 
 
Janne Makkonen, Leo Niskanen, Antti Hakkarainen, David Q-H Wang, Allison B. Reiss, Sarah Clark, Jin Ye, Patricia Fernandez,  Rice, Mourad Tayebi,  Zilmer, Ksenia Sevastianova, Fong-Fu Hsu, Kaisa S. Poutanen,  Ryan, Maarit Hallikainen, Michael H. Lanier, Kamran Anwar, Nobutaka Ohgami, Shaw Watanabe, Steven E. Carsons,  Pulges,  Anderson, Jyrki J. Agren, Maarit Hallikainen, Helena Gylling, Kam S. Mok, Hongwei Zhang, D. Rudi de Waart, Theodore L. Steck, Jonathan R. Emberson, Ta-Yuan Chang, M. Morello, Jane Armitage, Edwin S. L. Chan,  Heerklotz, Hannele Yki-Järvinen,  Pihl, Cindy Kunne, Anna Kotronen, Bruce N. Cronstein, Ronald P. J. Oude Elferink, Helena Gylling, Alison Palmer, G. Pieraccini, G. Liguri, Karl H. Weisgraber, Piia Simonen,  Després,  Zilmer,  Pérusse, Rory Collins, Yadong Huang, F. Rosati, Kaori Endoh, Keizo Umegaki, D. Nosi, A. Peri,  Rao, Alun Williams, Catherine C. Y. Chang, Tatu A. Miettinen, Astrid Fletcher, M. Serio, Kyoko Taku, Daniel S. Ory, Coen C. Paulusma, C. Cecchi, Yoko Sato, Tatu A. Miettinen,  Darsaut, Robert Clarke, Paul Sherliker, Soumya Rao, G. Danza, Yoshio Yamauchi, A. Pensalfini, L. Formigli,  Szadkowska, Martin Shipley, Nina Lundbom, Clive Bate, Sarah Parish,  Bouchard,  Morris, Hannu Mykkänen, M. Stefani, Robert W. Mahley, Sari D. Edelman, Yuko Taki,  Seelig,  Baenziger, Leena Toppinen,  Kullisaar, Pamela Linksted,  Kairane, Yvonne Lange, F. Dichiara, David E. Laaksonen,  
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Disease relevance of cholesterol

  • However, both groups were older and had higher CHOL and prevalence of hypertension than group 0 [1].
  • Reverse cholestrol transport substantially influences the individual risk of coronary heart disease in hypercholesterolaemic patients [2].
  • The percentage of error in sera of patients with atherosclerosis and chronic renal failure was higher than in controls with a similar mean (C/TG)VLDL ratio [3].
  • RESULTS: Physically active former athletes had significantly lower mean overweight (BMI, fat percentage, WHR), better spectrum of atherogenesis indicators (CHOL, HDL-C, TG, TG:HDL-C ratio) and lower oxidative stress (oxLDL, oxLDL:LDL-C ratio, DC) values than sedentary ex-athletes [4].
  • CHL markedly prolonged the QT interval, whereas FLX significantly shortened the QT interval and reduced arrhythmias in the FLX and CHL/FLX hearts [5].
  • These recent findings emphasize the importance of intraplaque hemorrhage as a contributor of free cholesterol in plaques and point to its provocative role in lesion destabilization [6].
  • A growing amount of evidence suggests a mechanistic link between cholesterol metabolism in the brain and the formation of amyloid plaques in AD development [7].
  • Ischemic heart disease mortality was not significantly associated with total cholesterol levels in all men (HR, 1.05), but a significant positive association in men without CVD and a slight nonsignificant inverse association in men with CVD were observed (HR, 1.47 vs 0.84) [8].
  • Based on the result of this large scale community study, HCV viremia appears to be associated with lower serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels which implies that HCV itself might play a significant role on serum lipid profile of patients with chronic HCV infection [9].
  • These observations suggest that the neuropathogenesis of prion diseases results from PrPSc altering cholesterol-sensitive processes [10].
 

Psychiatry related information on cholesterol

  • Significant associations were found between physical activity (METs), SBP, DBP, hypertension, CHOL, HDL-C, TG, TG:HDL-C ratio, oxLDL, oxLDL:LDL-C ratio, DC and hsCRP [4].
  • After controlling, for age, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and puberty development, shorter body height was the strongest predictor of total CHOL, LDL-C and ApoB concentrations among boys [11].
  • Significant increases in total CHO (25.4 +/- 17.5 mg/dl, mean +/- SD), LDL-CHO (17.1 +/- 14.5) and LDL (43.9 +/- 37.6) were observed in C-group but were attenuated in the T-group [12].
 

High impact information on cholesterol

  • The HDL: the good cholestrol carriers [13]?
  • BACKGROUND: The form of vitamin D (vitamin D3) in fortified milk and the provitamin D produced by the body undergo metabolic activation to a biologically active form, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1alpha,25(OH)2D3] [14].
  • Elevated HDL-cholesterol (C) and apo AI are associated with decreased coronary artery disease (CAD) risk [15].
  • By redesigning conventional cationic liposomes, incorporating cholesterol (chol) as the neutral lipid and preparing them as multilamellar vesicles (MLV), we increased the efficiency of cationic liposome:DNA complex (CLDC)-mediated gene delivery [16].
  • Monocytoid cell binding to aortic endothelium was significantly increased in Chol (P < .001 versus Cont); binding was markedly reduced in arginine-fed hypercholesterolemic animals (P < .05, Arg versus Chol) [17].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of cholesterol

 

Biological context of cholesterol

  • The receptor for LDL was functional in maintaining Chol homeostasis, as demonstrated by feedback inhibition of Chol synthesis after culture with LDL or very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) [23].
  • In 1340 women studied 6-12 wk postpartum (PP-GDM group), chol and LDL-chol were similar to levels in 43 postpartum control subjects without prior GDM [24].
  • Cationic liposomes containing DC-6-14, DOPE, and Chol in molar ratios of 1:0.75:0.75 and 1:1:0.8 maintained efficient transfection activity under serum-containing conditions in HRA, mEIIL, and ES-2 cell lines in vitro, as determined by luciferase assay [25].
  • Thus, vigorous regular walking resulted in a reduction of body fate stores, endogenous insulin requirements, and food intake, and perhaps improved the ability to eliminate cholestrol by increasing the plasma high density lipoprotein fraction [26].
  • To test this hypothesis, we examined the differentiation, proliferation, or apoptosis profile of smooth muscle cell (SMC) and adventitial cell response to a mild injury induced via a Fogarty catheter in the carotid artery of adult rabbits that had been fed a standard chow or 0.5% CT-enriched diet starting 4 weeks before the lesion [27].
 

Anatomical context of cholesterol

  • Incubation with native lipoproteins did not lead to accumulation of esterified Chol by macrophages [23].
  • These markers are absent in similar difference spectra recorded from the nAChR reconstituted into EPC membranes lacking both Chol and DOPA, indicating that the nAChR cannot undergo conformational change in response to agonist binding [28].
  • Likelihood ratio tests revealed the presence of significant (P < .05) cross-trait resemblance between body fat (BMI and SF6) and all lipid traits except CH and also between fat distribution (TER and TER-sf) and CH/HDL and CH-HDL [29].
  • Caveolins transport cholestrol to and from caveolae, and they regulate the activity of signaling proteins that reside in caveolae [30].
  • However, the P/C molar ratio is higher in the retroviral envelope than in the plasma membrane where they originate, and higher than in the nuclear envelope [31].
 

Associations of cholesterol with other chemical compounds

 

Gene context of cholesterol

 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of cholesterol

  • The turnover of 125I-labeled low density lipoprotein (LDL) and the total body balance of cholestrol were studied in a 6-yr-old girl with the homozygous form of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) before and after the surgical creation of an end-to-side portacaval shunt [56].
  • We conclude that the serum levels of CH, TG and LDL do not seem to be related to restenosis after PTCA [57].
  • We examined three major components of surfactant, surfactant protein A (SP-A), disaturated phospholipids (DSP), and cholesterol (CHOL) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from 12 healthy men before and after exercise [58].
  • We measure the interactions between TX and an equimolar mixture of sphingomyelin (SM), cholesterol (Cho), and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-3-sn-glycero-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) (1:1:1, mol) by means of isothermal titration calorimetry [59].
  • These studies demonstrate that a cholestrol-enriched, atherogenic diet causes profound and reversible changes in the lipid composition, membrane fluidity, and morphology of red cells in dogs [60].

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