High impact information on Atractylodes

• Phencyclidine, an open and closed channel blocker, decreased both peak amplitude and duration. beta-Eudesmol, a compound of Atractylodes lancea, clearly and specifically shortened the duration but had little effect on peak amplitude [1].
• Hot water extract (ALR-0) of rhizomes of Atractylodes lanceo DC. was fractionated into MeOH-soluble fraction (ALR-1), supernatant fraction of EtOH precipitation (ALR-3 + 4), and crude polysaccharide fraction (ALR-5) [2].
• beta-Eudesmol, a sesquiterpenol extracted from a Chinese herb, Atractylodes lancea, at 10-80 microM, did not affect muscle action potentials, miniature and evoked endplate potentials and acetylcholine-induced depolarization in the presence or absence of neostigmine in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragms [3].
• The most commonly used formula was Hochu-ekki-to containing Astragalus root, liquorice, jujube, ginseng, white Atractylodes rhizome, fresh ginger and Chinese Angelica root [4].
• Five sesquiterpenoid glycosides (two guaiane-type glycosides and three eudesmane-type glucosides) and a glucoside of an acetylene derivative were newly isolated from the water-soluble portion of the methanolic extract of Atractylodes lancea rhizome together with 26 known compounds [5].

Biological context of Atractylodes

• Biotransformation of hinesol isolated from the crude drug Atractylodes lancea by Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus cellulosae [6].
• Lipophilic extracts of Atractylodes lancea rhizomes exhibited potent inhibitory activities in 5-lipoxygenase [IC50 (5-LOX) = 2.9 micrograms/mL (n-hexane extract)] and cyclooxygenase-1 [IC50 (COX-1) = 30.5 micrograms/mL (n-hexane extract)] enzymatic assays [7].

Anatomical context of Atractylodes

• Extracts of various samples of the crude drug prepared from Atractylodes rhizomes exhibited antihepatotoxic activity by in vitro assay methods using carbon tetrachloride- and galactosamine-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes [8].
• The aqueous extract of Atractylodes japonica suppressed nitric oxide production and PGE2 synthesis by inhibition of the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated enhancement of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNAs expressions in RAW 264.7 macrophages [9].

Associations of Atractylodes with chemical compounds

• Different modes of potentiation by beta-eudesmol, a main compound from Atractylodes lancea, depending on neuromuscular blocking actions of p-phenylene-polymethylene bis-ammonium derivatives in isolated phrenic nerve-diaphragm muscles of normal and alloxan-diabetic mice [10].
• A new coumarin glycoside and a new glycoside of an acetylene derivative were isolated from the water-soluble portion of the methanolic extract of Atractylodes ovata rhizome together with eight known compounds [11].
• beta-Eudesmol, a sesquiterpenoid alcohol isolated from Atractylodes lancea rhizoma, potentiates the neuromuscular blocking effect of succinylcholine (SuCh) [12].
• Total DNA was extracted from the leaves of Atractylodes lancea DE CANDOLLE, A. ovata DE CANDOLLE and A. japonica KOIDZUMI ex KITAMURA of various origins and hybridized with digoxigenin-labeled rice ribosomal DNA after digestion with eight different restriction endonucleases [13].
• During the Dragon Boat Festival, people often use fumigants made of traditional Chinese herbal medicines like Chinese Atractylodes, Argy Wormwood Leaf and Red Arsenic Sulfide to smoke their houses, so as to ward off plagues and drive away evils [14].

Gene context of Atractylodes

• These results suggest that Atractylodes japonica exerts anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects probably by suppression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expressions [9].
• From preliminary studies, we have found that six Chinese herbs: Atractylodes ovata, Anqelica sinensis, Cordyceps sinensis, Liqustrum lucidum, Codonopsis pilosula and Homo sapiens can improve defective in vitro interleukin-2 (IL-2) production in patients with SLE [15].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Atractylodes

• beta-Eudesmol, a sesquiterpenoid alcohol contained in Atractylodes lancea, potentiates succinylcholine (SuCh)-induced neuromuscular blockade [16].

References