Disease relevance of Humans

• Polyprenyl synthases from Homo sapiens, Ratus rattus, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa, and Erwinia herbicola contain two conserved "aspartate-rich domains" (Ashby, M.N., and Edwards, P.A. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 4128-4136) [1].
• Retroviruses, ascorbate, and mutations, in the evolution of Homo sapiens [2].
• Arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) increased human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infectivity when particular Homo sapiens and Cercopithecus aethiops cell lines were used as targets [3].
• Among these isolated antigens, serum IgG antibodies for 2 isolated DNA mismatch repair enzymes, Homo sapiens mutS homolog 2 (hMSH2) and Homo sapiens postmeiotic segregation increased 1 (hPMS1), were detected in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and dermatomyositis (DM), and polymyositis (PM), but not in sera from healthy individuals [4].
• The tryptophan-specific enzymes have been placed in class I based on analysis of the cognate genes from Escherichia coli, B. stearothermophilus, B. taurus, and Homo sapiens [5].

High impact information on Humans

• The genetic legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in extant Europeans: a Y chromosome perspective [6].
• Fossils and artifacts recovered from the middle Awash Valley of Ethiopia's Afar depression sample the Middle Pleistocene transition from Homo erectus to Homo sapiens [7].
• We describe here a new human peptide deformylase (Homo sapiens PDF, or HsPDF) that is localized to the mitochondria [8].
• A novel approximately 60-residue domain has been identified in Homo sapiens MGC5297 and various other proteins in eukaryotes [9].
• Two homologues of TIP1 in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and human (Homo sapiens) have been shown to have S-acyl transferase (also known as palmitoyl transferase) activity [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Humans

• A coupled pair of three histidine residues in the tyrosinase was assumed to correspond to Cu(II) ligands in the homologous tyrosinases from Streptomyces glaucescens and Homo sapiens [11].

Biological context of Humans

• We term this Homo sapiens family of retrovirus-like elements having a histidine tRNA primer binding site the hsRTVL-H family [12].
• Ectopic expression of cdc2/cdc28 kinase subunit Homo sapiens 1 uncouples cyclin B metabolism from the mitotic spindle cell cycle checkpoint [13].
• Using database search and sequence clustering methods, we have identified and categorized RS domain proteins encoded within the entire genomes of Homo sapiens, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae [14].
• Comparison of amino acid sequence among human (Homo sapiens), mouse (Mus musculus), Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans RECQL5 beta homologs revealed three portions of highly conserved regions in addition to the helicase domain [15].
• These data provide conclusive evidence that SMN gene duplication occurred more than 5 million years ago, before the separation of human and chimpanzee lineages, but that SMN2 appears for the first time in Homo sapiens [16].

Anatomical context of Humans

• Landmark data were collected from cross sections and occlusal images of mandibular molar crowns, and Euclidean distance matrix analysis (EDMA) was used to identify metameric morphological variation between the first and second mandibular molars of living taxa: Gorilla gorilla (n = 30), Pan troglodytes (n = 34), and Homo sapiens (n = 26) [17].
• Members of the recently identified family of Homo sapiens Aurora / Ipl1-related kinases (HsAIRKs), homologous to chromosome segregation kinases, fly Aurora and yeast Ipl1, are highly expressed during M phase, and have been suggested to regulate centrosome function, chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis [18].
• Additionally, the high phosphate diet increased Homo sapiens v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (Akt) phosphorylation at Ser473 in cerebrum and cerebellum, whereas suppression of Akt phosphorylation at Thr308 was observed only in cerebellum [19].
• The Homo sapiens kin17 ((HSA)kin17) protein is a chromatin-associated protein conserved during evolution and overproduced in certain human tumor cell lines [20].

Associations of Humans with chemical compounds

• The grouping by shared function of polyalanine-containing proteins in Homo sapiens, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans shows that the majority are involved in transcriptional regulation [21].
• The differentially expressed cDNA fragment showed 99% homology to Homo sapiens CD36 gene, a glycoprotein that acts as a receptor for the extracellular matrix proteins thrombospondin-1, collagen types I and IV, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein [22].
• Although Homo sapiens and other higher primates produce other endogenous antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase and uric acid, they do not quench the same radicals as ascorbate and cannot fully compensate for a lack of endogenous ascorbate [2].
• Homo sapiens L-alpha-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1) catalyzes the reversible biological conversion of dihydroxyacetone (DHAP) to glycerol-3-phosphate [23].
• One gene was identical with the connective tissue growth factor, one gene was in part homologous to an Alzheimer disease-associated gene, and a third gene was in part identical to Homo sapiens molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis proteins A and C mRNA [24].

Gene context of Humans

• The experiments described here show that Homo sapiens (Hs)Rad52 and yeast Rad52 proteins promote strand exchange as well [25].
• In this report we describe the isolation of the wild-type Homo sapiens (Hs)ORC and variants containing a Walker A motif mutation in the Orc1, Orc4, or Orc5 subunit using the baculovirus-expression system [26].
• Cyclin B3 (CCNB3) is conserved from Caenorhabditis elegans to Homo sapiens and has an undefined meiotic function in female, but not male Drosophila melanogaster [27].
• Phylogenetic and dot plot analyses for the RECQ family, including 10 eukaryotic and 3 prokaryotic genes, indicate Dmblm is most closely related to the Homo sapiens BLM gene, suggesting functional similarity [28].
• In this study, we characterize one of the EDEM homologs from Homo sapiens, which we have termed EDEM2 (C20orf31) [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Humans

• The HMC-1 renin RT-PCR product is 100% homologous to Homo sapiens renin [30].
• On the basis of an estimated rate for base substitution of 1% per 10(6) years [Brown, W. M., George, M., Jr. & Wilson, A. C. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 1967-1971], Homo sapiens could have speciated or passed through a severe population constriction as recently as 180,000 years ago [31].
• Sequence analysis of these fragments showed 91% homology with Homo sapiens double homeobox protein DUX10 gene [32].
• Comparative RB1 gene mapping in Homo sapiens, Pithecia pithecia, Macaca sylvana, and Cercopithecus aethiops tantalus [33].
• Molecular cloning and characterization of SGT1.2, a novel splice variant of Homo sapiens SGT1 [34].

References