Disease relevance of Digoxigenin

• Nonisotopic in situ hybridization using a digoxigenin-labeled cDNA probe to the 3' nonstructural region (NS5) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was performed on liver tissue from 33 patients [1].
• Lymphocytes infected with HIV in vitro or in vivo were detected by fluorescence after hybridization with either biotin or digoxigenin-labeled probes [2].
• We studied IM tonsils of eight patients and six normal tonsils with a double in situ hybridization procedure using [35S]-labeled RNA probes specific for various cytokines and digoxigenin-labeled probes for the detection of the nuclear EBV encoded RNA transcripts, EBER 1 and 2 [3].
• Oxidative DNA lesions in the ipsilateral cortex were demonstrated using Escherichia coli formamidopyrimidine DNA N-glycosylase (Fpg protein)-sensitive sites (FPGSS), as labeled in situ using digoxigenin-dUTP and detected using antibodies against digoxigenin [4].
• A total of 145 of 400 carcinomas were subsequently evaluated by direct and digoxigenin-labeled (Dig) FISH, and 144 of 400 were evaluated by detection of mRNA overexpression via autoradiographic RNA:RNA in situ hybridization [5].

Psychiatry related information on Digoxigenin

• To examine whether APOE might be synthesized by human neurons, we performed in situ hybridization on paraffin-embedded and frozen brain sections from three nondemented controls and five Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients using digoxigenin-labeled antisense and sense cRNA probes to human APOE [6].

High impact information on Digoxigenin

• METHODS: We evaluated CRBP expression by in situ hybridization in six reduction mammoplasty specimens and 49 human breast carcinoma specimens by use of digoxigenin-labeled RNA probes and in nine cultured mammoplasty specimens by northern or western blot analysis [7].
• From a 7.1.1 cells cDNA library, a clone of most of the translatable region of HDGF was obtained and used to synthesize digoxigenin-labeled riboprobes [8].
• A newly developed assay involving binding of digoxigenin-labeled FVIIa (DigVIIa) and digoxigenin-labeled Factor X (DigX) was used to localize cellular TF [9].
• METHODS: To test whether BMD cells can colonise an epithelial tissue and differentiate there without fusion, we did in-situ hybridisation with Y and X chromosome probes labelled with 35-sulphur or digoxigenin, or labelled fluorescently [10].
• METHODS: mRNA distribution was determined by in situ hybridization with digoxigenin-labeled RNA probes in tissue sections of human jejunum [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Digoxigenin

• Sense and antisense tritium or Digoxigenin-labeled riboprobes were generated using in vitro transcription and applied to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of HeLa cells infected with adenovirus type 2 [12].
• We examined their effects on lung fibroblast procollagen metabolism in vitro and localized their gene expression during bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis using in situ hybridization with digoxigenin-labeled riboprobes [13].
• To identify the renal cellular components involved in complement synthesis, we analyzed the expression of C3 mRNA in renal tissues from patients with immune-complex glomerulonephritis by a high-resolution in situ hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide [14].
• Coupling of ampicillin to digoxigenin yielded a product containing digoxigenin (detected by chemiluminescence) which also was inhibitory for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli [15].
• The COBRA method is demonstrated on normal human chromosomes and on a lymphoma (JVM) cell line, using probes enzymatically labelled with fluorescein, lissamine and cy5 as primary fluorophores, and diethylaminocoumarin (DEAC), a blue dye, as combinatorial fourth label to demonstrate incorporated digoxigenin [16].

Biological context of Digoxigenin

• Simultaneous hybridization of the biotinylated long interspersed element probe and a digoxigenin-labeled cosmid to metaphase spreads allows rapid localization of a probe of interest to a particular cytogenetic band on a chromosome [17].
• Moreover, the integrated viral genomes have been localized on different hamster chromosomes by the fluorescence in situ hybridization technique using either nonradioactively labeled digoxigenin probes and fluorescent antibodies or biotinylated probes and fluorescent avidin [18].
• Histological sections from the lumbar region of chick embryos were probed for the presence of trkB and p75 mRNA using digoxigenin-labeled anti-sense RNA probes. p75 mRNA was present in spinal cord motoneurons at stages of development that correlate with motoneuron cell death [19].
• In situ hybridization using a digoxigenin-labeled RNA probe showed that the tissue distribution of ameloblastin was limited to the ameloblast in rat incisors [20].
• A 1.2-kbp EcoRI fragment containing the gene that encodes azoreductase was cloned by screening the genomic library of Bacillus sp. OY1-2 with digoxigenin-labeled probe designed from the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme [21].

Anatomical context of Digoxigenin

• Apoptotic cells in rat thymus were labeled in situ in paraffin-embedded and frozen tissue sections by ligation of double-stranded DNA fragments containing digoxigenin or Texas red [22].
• In situ hybridization with nonradioactive digoxigenin-labeled cDNA probes revealed that the KGF mRNA signal, which was present only in stromal and smooth muscle cells, was substantially increased by P primarily in the stromal cells located in the basalis region [23].
• However, oxidative derivatization of carbohydrate components with digoxigenin showed that human calreticulin produced in either HL-60 cells or Sf9 insect cells is glycosylated, indicating that glycosylated and nonglycosylated human calreticulin have indistinguishable electrophoretic mobilities [24].
• In situ hybridization was carried out using BamHIW biotinylated DNA probes or EBER-1 digoxigenin-labeled riboprobes with the aim of confirming as well as localizing the signal to the epithelial cell [25].
• In situ hybridization of malignant prostate epithelial tissue using a digoxigenin-labeled antisense riboprobe detected strong staining for mRNA of COSVIc, as opposed to very weak staining in normal prostate epithelium [26].

Associations of Digoxigenin with other chemical compounds

• Whole-mount in situ hybridizations on zebrafish embryos using a mixture of digoxigenin- and fluorescein-labelled probes [27].
• To investigate the effects of mutation frequency on affinity maturation, error-prone PCR was used to generate libraries containing an average (m) of between 1.7 and 22.5 base substitutions per gene in a high affinity scFv antibody that binds to the cardiac glycoside digoxigenin [28].
• In situ hybridization histochemistry, using a digoxigenin-labeled GAD cRNA probe, demonstrated a substantial decrease in the number of GAD mRNA-containing neurons in the hilus of the dentate gyrus in the pilocarpine-treated rats as compared to controls at all time intervals [29].
• The probes were detected sequentially with antibodies to digoxigenin and biotin and with secondary antibody polymers labelled with horseradish peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase [30].
• Optimization of non-isotopic in situ hybridization on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material using digoxigenin-labelled probes and transgenic tissues [31].

Gene context of Digoxigenin

• Or43a mRNA expression in the antenna of transformed and wild-type flies was visualized by in situ hybridization with a digoxigenin-labeled probe [32].
• In situ hybridization with cyclin D2 digoxigenin-labeled mRNA probe showed that all the cells from a given sample were stained with approximately the same intensity [33].
• RAR-beta, COX-2, and hTERT mRNA levels were determined by in situ hybridization with digoxigenin-labeled antisense riboprobes [34].
• In addition, an increased IL-4R mRNA expression was also observed in psoriatic epidermis using a digoxigenin-labeled IL-4R RNA probe [35].
• To clarify the underlying molecular mechanism through which presenilin-1 is involved in the pathogenesis of this neurodegenerative disorder, the regional and cellular transcription profile of this gene was characterized in primary cells isolated from the murine brain by Northern blot hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled riboprobes [36].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Digoxigenin

• The probes were labeled with digoxigenin to make reaction products visible by light microscopy and to allow the use of immunohistochemistry methods incorporating various color schemes to demonstrate specific properties of transplanted cells [37].
• We adapted in situ hybridization using a digoxigenin-labeled oligo(dT)50 probe to localize poly(A)+ RNA in fixed yeast cells and used yeast strains carrying the rna1-1 mutation to develop an assay [38].
• The quality and specificity of the digoxigenin-labeled probes were determined by northern blotting, and the specificity of the binding of antisense riboprobes was verified by use of sense probes as controls [39].
• To test this hypothesis, we observed vimentin mRNA in developing chicken muscle cultures by in situ hybridization with a digoxigenin-labeled DNA probe to vimentin, detected by confocal microscopy using fluorescent anti-digoxigenin antibody [40].
• Paraffin-embedded liver specimens from 23 cirrhotic patients (12 HBsAg positive and 11 HBsAg negative) who underwent liver transplantation were evaluated by in situ hybridization with a digoxigenin-labeled DNA probe and digoxigenin detection system and by immunohistochemistry with an enhanced biotin-streptavidin technique [41].

References