High impact information on Amphibia

• The antibody also reacts with corresponding cytokeratin polypeptides in a broad range of species including man, cow, chick, and amphibia but shows only limited reactivity with only a few rodent cytokeratins [1].
• Since amphibia diverged from mammals at least 250 million years ago, the data show that evolutionary pressure has acted to conserve the structure of DBI in the vertebrate phylum [2].
• Results of developmental RNA blot analysis contradict the long-held biological role for PRL as a juvenilizing hormone in amphibia [3].
• In summary, we found that in spite of remarkable spatiotemporal differences, beta-catenin acts in the chick in a manner similar to that in fish and amphibia [4].
• Thyroid-hormone-dependent development of the neuroretina has principally been described in amphibia [5].

Biological context of Amphibia

• In view of important differences of patterns of IF protein expression in embryogenic pathways of amphibia on the one hand and birds and mammals on the other, we have decided to study the expression of desmin during early embryogenesis of Xenopus laevis by cDNA hybridization and antibody reactions [6].
• Since CaCl2 is one of the taste stimuli in amphibia, the firing of action potentials by chemoreceptor cells may be part of the signal chain in gustatory reception of Ca ions [7].
• Amino acid sequence diversity of pancreatic polypeptide among the amphibia [8].
• Aside from vasotocin, active on the three organs, all anuran Amphibia possess hydrin 2 (vasotocinyl-Gly), a peptide resulting from a down-regulation of provasotocin processing [9].
• Physiological significance of catalase and glutathione peroxidases, and in vivo peroxidation, in selected tissues of the toad Discoglossus pictus (Amphibia) during acclimation to normobaric hyperoxia [10].

Anatomical context of Amphibia

• Whilst it may be that adenosine inhibits ACh release by different mechanisms at amphibia and mammalian neuromuscular junctions, it is also possible that the secretory apparatus is more intimately coupled to the Ca(2+) channels in the mouse such that an effect on the secretory machinery is reflected as changes in Ca(2+) currents [11].
• Moreover, these data lend support to the view that SGK1 contributes to the defense of extracellular fluid volume and tonicity in amphibia by mediating a component of the hypotonic induction of distal nephron Na+ transport [12].
• In the present study, we show that extracellular matrix material secreted by the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm tumor cell line (matrigel) supports axonal growth from explanted peripheral nerve-dorsal root ganglia (DRG) preparations of adult mice and amphibia in serum-free media, without addition of growth factors [13].
• In the diencephalon of two species of Gymnophiona (Amphibia) two neurosecretory nuclei were examined with histological (Alcian Blue, Aldehyde Fuchsin, Brookes Trichrome stain) and enzyme histochemical techniques (acid phosphatase, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE)) [14].
• Worm-like structures are not seen in Amphibia and endogenous peroxidase activity is very weak in these animals compared with Mammalia. The most important difference lies in the ability of Amphibia Kupffer cells to produce melanins: in fact the tyrosinase gene is expressed, "melanosome centers" are present, and dopa oxidase activity is demonstrable [15].

Associations of Amphibia with chemical compounds

• Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel analysis demonstrated that the ROS-1 immunoadsorbates from mammals, fish, and amphibia contained peptides of similar mobility [16].
• Adenosine inhibits neurotransmitter secretion from motor nerves by an effect on the secretory apparatus in amphibia [17].
• The reabsorption of glucose from the renal tubule in Amphibia and the action of phlorhizin upon it [18].
• Studies were conducted to explore vitamin A transport in the non-mammalian vertebrates, especially Pisces, Amphibia, and Reptilia, and to isolate and partially characterize piscine retinol-binding protein [19].
• Amphibian neurotensin (NT) is not xenopsin (XP): dual presence of NT-like and XP-like peptides in various amphibia [20].

Gene context of Amphibia

• Together with the recent elucidation of a CRF-like molecule in the frog diencephalon, these results suggest that, in Amphibia, CRF and AVP exert their stimulatory action specifically on distal lobe corticotrophs [21].
• Both are present in endotherms (mammals and birds), but so far only UCP2 has been identified in ectothermic vertebrates (fish and amphibia) [22].
• This could indicate that the main function of sauvagine does not involve ACTH regulation and suggests that an additional CRF-like peptide exists in Amphibia [23].
• Antisera detected dystrophin with molecular mass close to that of the human in all terrestrial vertebrates and amphibia studied [24].
• However, only one of the ALB-like molecules in the fish and amphibia is glycosylated [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Amphibia

• Northern blot hybridization analyses showed that the mRNA encoding this novel protein C2 was expressed in all the rat tissues examined and in a variety of eukaryotic organisms such as amphibia, birds, and mammals with slight species-specific differences in size.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[26]

References