Disease relevance of Naphthyl acetate

• Electrophoretic and cytochemical characterization of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterases in acute myeloid leukemia: relationships with membrane receptor and monocyte-specific antigen expression [1].
• Malignant lymphocytes from 30 B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) patients were studied for the cytochemical localization of two acid hydrolases, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and acid phosphatase (AT) [2].
• Other human postthymic leukemias, such as T-prolymphocytic leukemias, involve mostly the CD4 cellular subset and share many similarities to ATLs (aggressive course, cutaneous involvement, CD4+, CD29+, CD45RA- phenotype, and alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase positivity) [3].
• alpha-Naphthyl acetate esterase activity--a cytochemical marker for T lymphocytees. Correlation with immunologic studies of normal tissues, lymphocytic leukemias, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, Hodgkin's disease, and other lymphoproliferative disorders [4].
• This is demonstrated with in-gel detection of rabbit liver esterase activity using alpha-naphthyl acetate and Fast Blue BB dye as well as Escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase activity using ELF-97 beta-D-glucuronide [5].

High impact information on Naphthyl acetate

• These included induction of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, increased cell size, and a decrease in azurophilic granules [6].
• The present results also demonstrate that bryostatin 1 (10 nmol/L) induces monocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells as determined by adherence, growth inhibition, appearance of monocyte cell surface antigens, and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase staining [7].
• It can be demonstrated by the hydrolysis of alpha-naphthyl acetate or butyrate [8].
• Murine bone marrow megakaryocytes and megakaryocyte colonies demonstrated a similar enzyme histochemical pattern: weakly positive for alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase and negative for chloroacetate esterase [9].
• Expression of individual antigens was found to correlate significantly with several clinical parameters including FAB classification, cytochemical staining for alpha naphthyl acetate esterase, leukocyte count, and the presence of extramedullary disease at presentation [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Naphthyl acetate

• Biopsy material of six patients with eosinophilic granuloma (EG) was investigated by electron microscopic and enzyme-histochemical methods for acid phosphatase (AcP), leucyl-beta-naphthylamidase (LA), adenosine triphosphatase, and alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase (NE) [11].
• Metagenomes from various environmental soils were screened using alpha-naphthyl acetate and Fast Blue RR for a novel ester-hydrolyzing enzyme on Escherichia coli [12].
• The alpha-naphthyl acetate assay distinguished fetuses with neural tube defects from normal fetuses more effectively than assays using acetylthiocholine as substate [13].

Biological context of Naphthyl acetate

• We find that six of seven samples responded to bryostatin treatment with changes associated with a more differentiated phenotype including increases in macrophage-like morphology and an increase in adherence and OKM1 and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity positivity [14].
• Differentiation of treated HL-60 cells was assessed by their ability to produce superoxide, as measured by reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium, positive staining for alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, phagocytosis, morphology, and analysis of membrane-bound differentiation markers with two-color immunofluorescence [15].
• Macrophage induction of KG1 and HL60 resulted in early increase in both oncoproteins, followed by a decline to less than starting values by 48 h, concurrent with a reduction of S phase cells and the appearance of adherent alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase-positive cells. p62c-myc changes were more pronounced in HL60 and p75c-myb changes in KG1 [16].
• Further investigation of these cells by enzyme chemistry, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and cytochemistry revealed that they had irregularly indented nuclei, no alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity, and only faint granular acid-phosphatase activity [17].
• The kinetics of catalysis of alpha-naphthyl acetate hydrolysis by ES-1 could be determined with the gel scanning assay; the Km was 0.76 mM [18].

Anatomical context of Naphthyl acetate

• One patient with t(11;19), classified as AML(M2) on Wright-Giemsa-stained cells, had a strong alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase reaction, indicating that the leukemic cells had a cytochemical feature characteristic of monocytes [19].
• This is an alkaline phosphatase-positive cell line showing variable staining with acid phosphatase and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase [20].
• These suspensions were analyzed for la antigens, surface immunoglobulin (Slg), sheep erythrocyte (E) rosette formation and, in some instances, acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity [21].
• Other enzyme histochemical and lectin-binding studies showed that the enzyme alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, the lectin Ulex europaeus I, and the periodic-acid Schiff reaction were consistent, but not specific, markers of megakaryocytes [22].
• The presence of Thy-like alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase pattern and the binding of both W3/25-HLK and OX8-HL support the thymic origin and relative immaturity of these lymphoid cells [23].

Associations of Naphthyl acetate with other chemical compounds

• The blasts stained negatively for myeloperoxidase and Sudan Black B, but showed acid phosphatase (ACP) and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity inhibitable by sodium fluoride [24].
• (3) Alpha naphthyl-acetate esterase (ANAE) activity was localized in the granules as well as on the membrane of LGL and monocytes [25].
• The cells showed strong positivity for periodic acid-Schiff and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, and weak for alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, but were negative for myeloperoxidase [26].
• Active extracts also catalyzed the hydrolysis of esterase substrates such as alpha-naphthyl acetate and the methyl esters of indoleacetic acid and naphthyleneacetic acid [27].
• Cell differentiation was determined by nitroblue tetrazolium-reducing activity, morphological changes, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity and expression of differentiation-associated surface antigens [28].

Gene context of Naphthyl acetate

• Maturation was also observed in other differentiation characteristics such as phagocytic activity, a-naphthyl acetate esterase activity, and expression of surface antigen CD14 [29].
• JHE also hydrolyses the artificial substrate alpha-naphthyl acetate with a KM of 120 micro M and a Vmax of at least 70 mumol/min/mg [30].
• The cytochemical investigation of myeloperoxidase (MPO), Sudan black B (SBB), chloroacetate esterase (CAE), alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase (ANBE), alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and acid phosphatase (AP) in peripheral blood and/or bone marrow was performed [31].
• With three of the substrates (alpha-naphthyl acetate and esters 2 and 3), esterase activity was the same in both groups; however, with the others (rho-nitrophenyl acetate and esters 1 and 4), there was a small increase in activity in ovariectomized females, compared with intact females [32].
• The TNF treated cells were classified as macrophage-like by morphology, and by lineage-specific alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase stain [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Naphthyl acetate

• Rocket immunoelectrophoresis using alpha-naphthyl acetate to detect enzymatic activity showed an absence of cross-reactive material, as expected [34].
• Alpha-naphthyl acetate esterases (ANAE) were examined by cytochemical and isoelectric focusing (IEF) techniques in 48 cases of acute myeloid leukemia that were classified by conventional morphological criteria [1].
• Immunoprecipitation of the 71-kDa enzyme from rat serum decreased esterase activity toward 1-naphthylacetate and para-nitrophenylacetate [35].
• A modified technique was used to demonstrate lymphocytic acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity in frozen sections of mouse lymphoid tissue or smears [36].
• Thus, erythrophagocytosis and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase positivity may be misleading in the unusual instance in which the histopathologic differential diagnosis includes malignant histiocytosis and epithelial neoplasia [37].

References