Disease relevance of Neoprene

• Four Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with end-stage renal failure who had received a cadaveric segmental, neoprene-injected, pancreas transplant, in association with kidney transplantation, were investigated [1].
• The most potent carcinogenic effect of 1,3-butadiene was the induction of lung neoplasms in female mice, which had an ED10 value of 0.3 p.p.m. Since the ED10 value for that same response in chloroprene exposed mice was also 0.3 p.p.m., we conclude that the carcinogenic potency of chloroprene in mice is similar to that of 1,3-butadiene [2].
• Under these conditions, chloroprene was carcinogenic to the oral cavity, thyroid gland, lung, kidney and mammary gland of rats, and to the lung, circulatory system (hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas), Harderian gland, kidney, forestomach, liver, mammary gland, skin, mesentery and Zymbal's gland of mice [2].
• Seventeen uremic insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients received a simultaneous pancreaticorenal transplant: in a prospective, randomized study, 9 patients received a segmental neoprene-injected graft (group A) while 8 patients received a total pancreaticoduodenal graft, with enteric diversion (group B) [3].
• A review of the toxicity of 1,3-dichlorobutene-2 (1,3-DCB), 1,4-dichlorobutene-2 (1,4-dcb), and 2-chlorobutadiene, 1,3 (beta-chloroprene) was undertaken with an emphasis on assessing the hazards of these materials in the industrial situation [4].

Psychiatry related information on Neoprene

• We studied the effect that chronic anterior cruciate ligament disruption, functional bracing, and a neoprene sleeve have on knee proprioception by measuring the threshold to detection of passive knee motion in all three conditions [5].
• Effect of a neoprene sleeve on knee joint kinesthesis: influence of different testing procedures [6].
• The use of a neoprene "thumb-sock" to prevent trauma in a thumb-sucking child with intractable epilepsy [7].

High impact information on Neoprene

• Pancreatoduodenectomy with neoprene occlusion of main pancreatic duct [8].
• Eighty-nine pancreas grafts were prepared by duct obstruction with neoprene, and 14 were pancreaticoduodenal grafts with enteric diversion in a Roux-en-Y loop [9].
• Circulating islet cell antibodies (ICA) and complement-fixing ICAs (CF-ICAs) have been tested at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 mo and at least once a year posttransplantation in 23 recipients of 25 transplants (22 simultaneous with kidney, 2 retransplants, 1 isolated; 23 segmental neoprene injected, 2 whole with enteric drainage) [10].
• K-ras mutations were detected in 80% of chloroprene-induced lung neoplasms (37/46) compared with only 30% in spontaneous lung neoplasms (25/82) [11].
• The present study was designed to characterize genetic alterations in the K- and H-ras proto-oncogenes in chloroprene-induced lung and HG neoplasms [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Neoprene

• Because of its structural similarity to isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) and to 1,3-butadiene, a potent trans-species carcinogen, inhalation studies were performed on chloroprene to characterize its toxicological potential and to provide a basis for selecting exposure concentrations for chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies [12].
• We conclude that persons exposed to chloroprene or vinyl chloride at the levels encountered in the four study sites did not have elevated risks of mortality from any of the causes of death examined, including all cancers combined and lung and liver cancer, the cancer sites of a priori interest [13].
• As part of an historical cohort study to investigate the mortality experience of industrial workers exposed to chloroprene (CD) and other substances, including vinyl chloride monomer (VC), we analyzed mortality from all cancers combined, respiratory system (RSC) and liver cancer in relation to CD and VC exposures [14].
• Allergic contact dermatitis due to diphenylthiourea in a neoprene slimming suit [15].
• Allergic contact dermatitis to thiourea in a neoprene knee brace [16].

Biological context of Neoprene

• Because of its structural similarity to 1,3-butadiene, a trans-species carcinogen, inhalation studies were performed with chloroprene to evaluate its carcinogenic potential in rats and mice [2].
• We have investigated the metabolic effects of segmental (neoprene-injected) pancreas transplantation versus whole (enteric-diverted) pancreas transplantation [3].
• Aspects of the toxicology of chloroprene: immediate and long-term effects [17].
• Results of NTP-sponsored mouse cytogenetic studies on 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, and chloroprene [18].
• The preferred formation of dCI may be relevant to chloroprene mutagenesis [19].

Anatomical context of Neoprene

• Following 2 years of inhalation exposure to 12.8, 32 or 80 p.p.m. chloroprene, increased incidences of lung and Harderian gland (HG) neoplasms were observed in B6C3F1 mice at all exposure concentrations [11].
• Cancer potency of chloroprene is greater in the mouse lung than in the rat lung, but greater in the rat kidney than in the mouse kidney and nearly equivalent in the mammary gland of each species [2].
• In incubations of chloroprene with liver microsomes containing GSH, several GSH conjugates were identified [20].
• Isoprene induced both SCE and micronuclei, whereas chloroprene gave negative results for all cytogenetic end points assessed in bone marrow cells [18].
• NADPH in microsomes reduces the hydroxocob(III)alamin form of vitamin B12 to cob(II)alamin and the supernucleophilic cob(I)alamin, which are both highly reactive toward xenobiotic epoxides formed by mammalian metabolism of dienes such as the industrially important chemicals chloroprene and 1,3-butadiene [21].

Associations of Neoprene with other chemical compounds

• High frequency of codon 61 K-ras A-->T transversions in lung and Harderian gland neoplasms of B6C3F1 mice exposed to chloroprene (2-chloro-1,3-butadiene) for 2 years, and comparisons with the structurally related chemicals isoprene and 1,3-butadiene [11].
• The mutagenicity of vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride (1,1-dichloroethylene) and chloroprene (2-chloro-1,3-butadiene) was tested in V79 Chinese hamster cells in the presence of a 15 000 x g liver supernatant from phenobarbitone-pre-treated rats and mice [22].
• Mutagenicity of chloroprene, 1-chloro-1,3-trans-butadiene, 1-4-dichlorobutene-2 and 1,4-dichloro-2,3-epoxybutane in Drosophila melanogaster [23].
• In the others, the duct was either left open, ligated, anastomosed to jejunal mucosa, or injected with 1.5 mL of either silicone rubber, Neoprene, or Prolamine [24].
• The mean daily blood glucose level prior to distal pancreatectomy was 95.6 +/- 3.2 mg/dL in the open-duct group, 91.6 +/- 3.0 mg/dL in the ligation group, 94.0 +/- 4.0 mg/dL in the acrylate group, 226.3 +/- 56.6 mg/dL in the neoprene group, and 94.1 +/- 2.6 mg/dL in the Roux-en-Y group [25].

Gene context of Neoprene

• DNA damage is suppressed in the presence of glutathione (GSH), catalase or superoxide dismutase. b) Chloroprene is mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium but not carcinogenic, possibly due to inactivation by GSH-conjugations. c) Chlorodinitrobenzene is not mutagenic is Salmonella typhimurium in the presence of GSH [26].
• Subjects are sealed in a LBNP chamber with the use of a flexible, neoprene waist seal and the chamber pressure is reduced to provide an increased vertical force [27].
• Nine healthy males wearing neoprene wet suits (5 mm thick) were subjected to immersion to the neck in water at 1, 2, and 2.5 ATA while resting for 3 h [28].
• Chloroprene (2-chloro-1,3-butadiene, 1) is oxidised by cytochrome P450 enzymes in mammalian liver microsomes to several metabolites, some of which are reactive towards DNA and are mutagenic [29].
• The mean recoveries of methenamine hippurate from spiked test plates for '180 Grit' Stainless Steel, Teflon and WARCO White (neoprene and PVC) gasket material were 77.2, 96.1 and 50.6%, with RSDs of +/- 9.4 (n = 25), +/- 4.3 (n = 25) and +/- 36% (n = 20), respectively [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Neoprene

• Between January 1985 and September 1987, we performed a prospective comparative study between segmental-pancreas transplantation with duct obstruction by neoprene (n = 17) and pancreaticoduodenal transplantation with enteric diversion to a Roux-en-Y intestinal loop (n = 14) [31].
• The patients were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: medical treatment only (control group), medical treatment and use of a neoprene sleeve, or medical treatment and use of an unloader brace [32].
• The feeding method employed perforated neoprene discs floated on top of the suspended diet to control evaporative losses [33].
• Cohort studies of chloroprene-exposed workers in Russia [34].
• Detailed dissections were performed on each side of five fresh human adult cadaveric head and neck specimens (n = 10) following carotid artery injection with liquid neoprene latex stained with green pigment [35].

References