Disease relevance of Neuroma

• This report describes the isolation of an HPRT-deficient rat neuroma cell line, designated B103-4C, and the construction of a recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 that contained human HPRT cDNA [1].
• Sites of EMA immunoreactivity have been confirmed within perineurial cells of peripheral nerve, noted within the capsule of Schwannomas and palisaded encapsulated neuromas, and also detected with traumatic neuromas and plexiform neurofibromas [2].
• Anetodermic prurigo nodularis (with Pautrier's neuroma) responsive to arotinoid acid [3].
• In benign tumours NGFR was demonstrated at 61% in neurinoma, 71% in neurofibroma, 93% in neurofibromatosis and 90% in traumatic neuroma [4].
• The density of Ki-67-positive cells was found to be 36 times lower in 16 noncystic controls than in the 23 cystic neuromas, indicating that the increase in tumor size in cystic acoustic neuromas may be caused by expansion of the cysts and not by an actual increase in the growth rate of the tumor cells [5].

Psychiatry related information on Neuroma

• The results suggest that the presence of a phantom limb, whether painful or painless, is related to the sympathetic-efferent outflow of cutaneous vasoconstrictor fibres in the stump and stump neuromas [6].

High impact information on Neuroma

• Disruption of Schwann cells in response to nerve lesion resulted in infiltration of CCR2-positive monocytes/macrophages not only to the neuroma but also to the DRG [7].
• The results achieved in a rodent model of sciatic nerve neuroma formation showed that there was a positive correlation between macroscopic and microscopic observations, and that melatonin enhanced axonal regeneration presumably due to its inhibitory effect on neuroma formation [8].
• Similar results were obtained after topical application of lidocaine to the nerve trunk to block abnormal discharges originating in the neuroma in CSNT rats [9].
• In recordings at approximately 22 days, a similar proportion of fibres were mechanosensitive in wild-type and Nav1.8 null neuromas (51 and 46%, respectively) [10].
• MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients with clinically suspected Morton neuroma underwent examination with conventional T1- and T2-weighted MR imaging and a combination of fat suppression and administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Neuroma

• The effects of intravenously administered subanesthetic concentrations of lidocaine, tocainide, and mexiletine on spontaneously active fibers (SAFs) originating in 7-day-old rat sciatic neuromas were studied [12].
• The chemosensitivity of the neuroma to epinephrine may explain some of the clinical responses noted after sympathetic system manipulation [13].
• The effect of intravenous lidocaine, tocainide, and mexiletine on spontaneously active fibers originating in rat sciatic neuromas [12].
• A single dose of glycerol, alcohol or saline was injected directly into experimental sciatic nerve neuromas in rats via a chronically implanted cannula [14].
• Five patients with eighth nerve, one with ninth nerve and one with cervical neuromas were studied with PET and [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) [15].

Biological context of Neuroma

• The results of our study suggest that TNF-alpha and IL-1 may play a role in frustrating functional nerve regeneration after injury by stimulating these two kinases, which, in turn, leads to fibroblast proliferation and formation of neuromas [16].
• Ankyrin G, a multifunctional transmembrane protein of the axolemma, might be a key protein in neuroma formation because it binds Na+ channels in the initial segments of a regenerating axon and links with neuronal cell adhesion molecules [17].
• Milliwatt CO2 laser application to the proximal stump did not affect the size or histology of resultant neuroma formation regardless of the method of transection [18].
• CGRP accumulates in a time-related fashion within experimental neuromas, where it induces among other possible actions prominent local vasodilatation [19].

Anatomical context of Neuroma

• 3. Mechanosensitivity of the neuroma/peripheral nerve was displayed in preparations from lesioned [axotomized: 18.2% (A alpha, beta) and 14.1% (A delta), sham operated: 2% (A alpha, beta) and 0% (A delta)], but not control naíve animals [20].
• 5. The difference between A- and C-fibers could not be accounted for on the basis of the maturity of the neuroma, rate and pattern of ongoing discharge, or use of Flaxedil paralysis [21].
• Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 induce activation of MAP kinase and SAP kinase in human neuroma fibroblasts [16].
• Neuropeptide- and tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive nerve fibers in painful Morton's neuromas [22].
• The excitation of cutaneous nerve endings in a neuroma by capsaicin [23].

Gene context of Neuroma

• For comparison, neuroma fibroblast cultures were also stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and platelet-derived growth factor-AB (PDGF-AB), a potent activator for MAPK [16].
• Substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and neuropeptide Y immunoreactivities were more pronounced in neuroma tissue than in control nerves [22].
• We examined the expression of three neuropeptides that have been implicated in nociceptive transmission, and the sympathetic nerve fiber marker tyrosine hydroxylase, in 11 painful human Morton's neuromas, using immunohistochemistry [22].
• By immunohistochemistry and Western analysis ERBB2 expression was not detectable in normal nerves but in proliferating Schwann cells of traumatic neuromas [24].
• An unusual etiology of biliary hilar obstruction and the potential role of acidic fibroblast growth factor in the development of a biliary neuroma [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Neuroma

• Since most visceral amputation neuromas follow surgery and this patient had never undergone surgery, it is postulated that the stimulus for the neural and fibrous proliferation was leakage of bile and/or cholesterol [26].
• METHODS: First, frozen sections of nine nerve specimens obtained from six patients (six nonpainful neuromas, one painful neuroma, and two normal nerves) were immunocytochemically screened for ankyrin G by using confocal laser scanning microscopy [17].
• Using indirect immunofluorescence staining. we identified a striking difference in the content within axons of two neuropeptides, substance P (SP) and calcitonin, gene-related peptide (CGRP), between the contralateral nerve and the neuroma [27].
• METHODS: Eighty-two patients with Morton neuromas were randomly assigned to receive either footwear modification with orthoses or steroid injections as initial treatment [28].

References