Disease relevance of carbamoyliminourea

• Azodicarbonamide inhibits HIV-1 replication by targeting the nucleocapsid protein [1].
• Azodicarbonamide was therefore tested for its capacity to modulate deoxyribonucleotides triphosphate pools alone or in combination with other agents in the lymphoblastic SUP-T1 cell line susceptible to HIV infection [2].
• Allergic contact dermatitis to azodicarbonamide [3].
• Contact dermatitis from azodicarbonamide in earplugs [4].
• By contrast, the azodicarbonamide (ADA) was very effective in inactivating both arenaviruses with IC(50) (inactivating concentration 50%) values of 7.6 and 5.3 microM against JUNV and TCRV, respectively [5].

High impact information on carbamoyliminourea

• These suppressive effects involve a direct action on the calcium mobilization machinery, as azodicarbonamide strongly inhibited the calcium influx induced either by antibodies against CD3 and CD28 or the chemokine RANTES, as well as by thapsigargin, an activator of depletion-activated calcium channels [6].
• Azodicarbonamide inhibits T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo [6].
• In vivo, administration of azodicarbonamide into mice blunted their response to polyclonal T-cell activation induced by the injection of monoclonal antibody against CD3 and resulted in delayed rejection of skin allografts [6].
• Azodicarbonamide was recently identified as a new anti-HIV agent that targets the zinc finger domains of the HIV-1 NCp7 nucleocapsid protein [6].
• Here, we demonstrate that azodicarbonamide inhibits in a dose-dependent manner the responses of purified human CD4+ T lymphocytes stimulated either by monoclonal antibodies against CD3 and CD28 or by allogeneic dendritic cells [6].

Biological context of carbamoyliminourea

• During this study it was also suggested that azodicarbonamide could interfere with thymidine phosphorylation [2].
• In this study, we show that azodicarbonamide prevents the progression of human CD4+ T lymphocytes into the G1 phase of the cell cycle, inhibits their blastogenesis, down-regulates their membrane expression of CD25 and CD69, and decreases their transcription of cytokine genes [7].
• Reports of respiratory problems among industrial workers exposed repeatedly by inhalation to azodicarbonamide (ADA) raised concern that ADA might be a pulmonary sensitizer [8].
• Additionally, wheezing, chest tightness, and symptoms of chronic bronchitis were strongly associated with work in injection molding during periods in which azodicarbonamide was in use [9].

Associations of carbamoyliminourea with other chemical compounds

• Furthermore, azodicarbonamide synergizes with cyclosporin A to inhibit CD4+ T cell proliferation [7].
• Semicarbazide was formed during the dry heating of commercial azodicarbonamide-containing flours at temperatures of 150-200 degrees C reaching levels of 0.2 mg/kg [10].
• The determination of biurea in the presence of azodicarbonamide by HPLC [11].
• Cerium oxide (CeO(2)) nanoparticles were prepared sonochemically, by using cerium nitrate and azodicarbonamide as starting materials, and ethylenediamine or tetraalkylammonium hydroxide as additives [12].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of carbamoyliminourea

• A prevalence study of occupational asthma was carried out by questionnaire in 1980 among a group of 151 workers who had been exposed to azodicarbonamide dust in the process of its manufacture [13].
• The levels of semicarbazide in baking flour treated with azodicarbonamide and bread baked from such flours were determined by isotope dilution (13C15N2-semicarbazide) liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) [10].

References